origin of philosophy in ancient Greece takes place in the period between VIII and VI centuries BC.At the time, Greece is experiencing a period of colonization or apoitizatsii (apoitiya - overseas territory of the Greek polis, virtually independent of the metropolis).Huge space, such as the Asia Minor and Graecia Magna (Italy) exceeded on the territory of its Greek cradle and gave rise to the first philosophers, after the Athenian philosopher to make a second, subsequent step in the development of Greek thought.In the world of the ancient Greeks heavily influenced the structure of life in the city-and the classic type of slavery.It is the existence of the latter in ancient Greece played a huge role in the division of labor, and allowed as Engels had noticed, certain stratum of people engaged in science and culture exclusively.
Therefore philosophy of ancient Greece has a certain specificity with respect to the modern philosophy of the ancient East.First of all, from the time of Pythagoras, it is revealed as a separate discipline, and since Aristotle goes hand in hand with science, rationalism and different separates itself from religion.In the Hellenistic period, it becomes the basis of such sciences as history, medicine and mathematics.The main "theme" and the embodiment of the ideal of education of ancient Greek philosophy (as well as the culture) is the "Kai Callosa agathos" - the connection of physical beauty and health with the spiritual perfection.
philosophy in ancient Greece raised two main themes - the ontology and epistemology, as a rule, contrasting concepts of mind and activities (the latter is considered the second occupation, "lower" class, as opposed to pure contemplation).Ancient Greek philosophy is also home to such methodological systems, both metaphysical and dialectical.She also learned many categories of the philosophy of the ancient East, especially Egypt, and brought them into the pan-European philosophical discourse.Early philosophy of ancient Greece is divided into two periods - archaic and pre-Socratic.
philosophy of ancient Greece in the Archaic period is characterized cosmocentrism mifopoeticheskih works in which the epic poets have described the emergence of the world and its driving forces in the mythological images.Homer sang of codified myths and heroic morality and Hesiod embodied in the story of the origin of the world figures Chaos, Gaea, Eros and other gods.He was one of the first literary form presented to the myth of the "golden age" when valued justice and labor, and began to lament the fate of contemporary "Iron Age" rule of the fist, the time where the force gives rise to the right.Traditionally, a great role in the formation of philosophical thought at the time played the so-called "seven wise men" who left behind a wise sayings or "gnomes", dedicated to moral principles such as moderation and harmony.
period of pre-Socratic philosophy in ancient Greece is characterized by the presence of several schools of thought.Miletus School of natural philosophy known for pragmatism, the desire to find a single start and the first scientific discoveries, such as the astronomical instruments, maps, sundials.Almost all of its members came from the merchant class.For Thales studied solar eclipses and considered first elements of all water, Anaximander is the creator of maps of the Earth, and a model of the celestial sphere, and the first elements called "Apeiron" - devoid of qualities of primordial matter, the contradictions which gave rise to the appearance of the world, and his disciple Anaximenes believed that a single cause of allIt is air.The most famous member of Heraclitus of Ephesus school is nicknamed the mourners.He put forward the idea that the world was not created by anyone, and in its essence is a fire, then flared up, then fading, and argued that if we learn with the help of perception, that knowledge is the basis of our logo.
philosophy of ancient Greece, and Italic presented Eleatic school, based on several other categories.In contrast to the Milesians, Eleatics - the aristocrats by birth.In theory, they prefer the process system, and infinity - a measure.
Xenophanes of Colophon criticized the idea of mythological gods and offered to share things and seeming.Parmenides of Elea developed his ideas and said that we learn the apparent feelings and things - logic.Therefore, a reasonable person does not exist nothingness, because every thought we think - it's the thought of being.His successor Zeno explained the situation with the help of his teacher, the famous paradoxes, paradoxes.
Italica school is known for such a mysterious philosopher, Pythagoras, who proposed the study of numbers and their mystical connection with the world and left behind a secret doctrine.No less interesting was the philosopher Empedocles of Sicily and the city Agregenta.The cause of all that exists, he believed the four passive elements - water, fire, air and earth, and the two active principles - love and hate, and in his philosophical system tried to unite Parmenides and Heraclitus.The later classical Greek philosophy is largely based its findings on the ideas is the Italian thinkers.
