Peoples Daily generate a huge amount of debris, so that even strange that the problem of recycling has become topical recently.In the industry have their own perspectives, and some countries are so good at it that even import waste recycling.
world pollution problem
Daily mankind generates a huge amount of debris.Industrial and medical materials and the remains of a colossal amount of plastic, glass, paper, and yet all that is thrown out of life in the simple average person.Recycling and waste management covers only a small part of the collection.Everything else is in the dumps and slowly poisons the environment, even if it is nothing toxic debris.Nature can be decomposed paper, plastic, polyethylene is not right - it can take as a small amount of time, and or even centuries.Technological progress has given mankind a lot of new products, but he also contributed to the emergence of materials which are not subject to decay and the rapid processing of organic, even if it is needed.It is only recently that people have seriously reflected on it and started to think how to fix the situation just in the last couple of centuries.Unfortunately, mankind expects a long and difficult journey, involving the rejection of the existing model of mindless consumption.
Methods solutions
Currently, there are three of the most promising directions that can help in getting rid of the problem, especially in the case of an integrated approach.First, is the development of biodegradable materials.A huge piece of garbage - is packaging: plastic bags, boxes, and so on. D. Paper, cardboard and other new materials - this is a step to clean the planet.
second measure - social responsibility.Waste sorting - is the simplest thing can do for nature ordinary consumer.After all, if the division will be engaged already familiar with the composition of the entire emitted, it is great to save time and energy.A sorted garbage will be much easier to recycle.
Finally, another measure, directly linked to the previous one - encouraging re-use.Bags, paper, plastic and glass containers - all this can give a second life, as well as the delay time when they will be in the trash.
All these measures are good in their own way, though they may be both effective and show their uselessness - it depends on what kind of policy the government will pursue and which methods will be used to reduce the amount of garbage.
Waste classification
There are several criteria by which to divide garbage into different categories.Among them are the following:
- origin - household and industrial waste (processing, manufacturing and so on. D.);
- as - solid, liquid, gaseous;
- class of danger - in Russia used the 5 categories.
Waste generated by enterprises, draws attention in the first place.Firstly, what is not useful in a single production, can be a valuable resource in the other.Secondly, the disposal or recycling of industrial wastes is necessary due to the fact that they may contain environmentally hazardous substances, and people.At the same time household waste almost draws attention, and in fact the average Russian family it generates more than 400 kilograms per year.From this mass of more than half - plastic and paper for recycling.At the same time the separation and recycling of waste in the Russian Federation completely established.
Disposal
Different types of waste require different approaches.A large amount of harmful substances is a result of refining petroleum and wood operation processing and chemical industries.The main problem is that the processing of industrial waste is not always possible, and then the only way to get rid of them - buried in a landfill or generate heat treatment.
should also be said about the plastic that is widely used in human life.Its utilization is complicated by the fact that the substance is divided into a lot of types, each of which require a separate approach.In addition, the thermal processing of plastic, that is simply burning it is often impossible, because in the process produced a huge amount of harmful elements.At the same time the organic decomposition takes too much time.
methods
Each group should use its methods, so before you need to sort through the garbage disposal:
- for organic waste by origin suitable biological treatment.Paper, cardboard, food waste can be composted and left to rot.In the future, they can be used in agriculture.Sometimes this method is processed even natural fabrics.
- perfectly exposed metal melting and reuse.The main problem is only in its separation from, for example, electrical appliances, discarded in a landfill.
- Heat treatment of different types of approach, if we are talking about waste wood processing.With burning materials can receive a certain amount of energy.
- Recycling plastic is made using a mechanical (grinding) and chemical methods.Typically, after this novel polymers are obtained which can be used repeatedly.
- burial.The most dangerous waste products are exposed to a special procedure, which involves their maximum isolation from the environment on a long time.After some time, they naturally decompose or exported for further action on recycling.
Efficiency
solid waste may become an additional source of both energy and raw materials.Thus, the West is subject to the disposal of a third of the waste, the rest is somehow going to work to be re-used.Besides, it saves on energy production and materials, there is no accumulation of waste in the form of unsightly and hazardous landfill.
In Russia, unfortunately, not the case.The system of separation of garbage in its infancy, almost nowhere boxes with multiple compartments.Only a small portion is any action, more or less developed only recycling plastic, but even accounting for only 5-7%.The rest of the amount falls under the landfill.
Prospects
Scientists offer a variety of ways to make less hazardous waste recycling and more useful.Most seem viable technologies that allow to decompose the garbage on the original components with their subsequent re-use.These environmentally-neutral methods are already used in a test mode in Europe and is not yet satisfactory.
Rubbish and art
Processing and recycling of waste - a problem that has inspired many artists and sculptors at work, causing a public outcry.Canadian designers offer to sew clothes from waste materials.Paradoxically, it can be worn even though it is very extravagant.Architectural firm from the Netherlands proposes to establish a waste artificial islands, where they could live refugees from hotspots.Finally, a well-known American hudolzhnitsa Lisa Hawke uses the trash in his paintings, controversial and fascinating.So to talk about the unique hazards of household waste is not necessary.
