FF Ushakov - Admiral, one of those whose name is associated with the formation of the Russian fleet.He played the same role in the development of the naval forces of the country, which played Suvorov for the Army.
Home life path
biography of Admiral Ushakov begins February 13, Old Style (Feb. 24) in 1745 in the village of Burnakovo relating to the Yaroslavl province.His parents were nobles belonging to the ancient but impoverished family.
Since childhood, Fyodor Ushakov aspired to the sea, so entered the Naval Cadet Corps.After his graduation, he served in the Baltic Fleet, and three years later, along with other top officers, he was transferred to Azov on the Black Sea.
biography of Admiral Ushakov contains many glorious events that left a significant mark in the history of Russia.First, he became one of the young officers who have entrusted management of the frigate, and subsequently - the captain of the battleship "Victor".Ushakov was actively involved in the construction of Sevastopol as the main point where the newly created Black Sea fleet is based.
In 1785, he supervised the construction of ships in Kherson.There Ushakov and received his first award - the Order of St. Vladimir of IV degree.But he had not awarded for feats of arms, and for success in the fight against the epidemic of plague in the city.
Ushakov during the Russian-Turkish war
Flotovodcheskie ability Ushakov was first noticed and appreciated during the Russian-Turkish war.He was not afraid to disrupt the already existing traditions of the sea battle.Previously, the ships moved only in parallel to each other and fired at the enemy from the board.A Ushakov has not adhered to these orders, he preferred to break the system of enemy ships, to make the main target of the flagship.Disable it, Ushakov sowed panic among the enemy left without command.As a result of rushing about disunited ships unable to maintain the order of battle, found themselves defeated.
Like all new naval combat this tactic also met strong resistance Fleet Command.But the brilliant victories Ushakov convinced of the correctness of his actions, even the most stubborn opponents.It has played a significant role in his appointment as commander of the squadron.
successes of the Black Sea
In this position Ushakov again proved himself as a competent naval commander.The island Fidonisi he managed to fire guns vanguard ships to suppress the enemy shore batteries, which made a big difference in the outcome of the battle.This fight was the baptism of fire and the first squadron of the Sevastopol naval battle Russian-Turkish war 1787-1792 biennium.A successful start of hostilities instilled confidence in the Russian naval officers and sailors.
By the time the commander of the Black Sea Fleet was the Ushakov, Admiral deserves respect even by the Turks, who began to call him Usak Pasha.Victory in the Kerch battle and the Battle of Tendra added Military Glory Russian fleet.And in the Battle of Cape Kaliakra Turkish fleet was so jammed between ships Ushakov, that they could not shoot because of the risk to get into their own.
war in the Mediterranean
Even more impressive victories were won Fyodor Ushakov in the Mediterranean during the war with France.Russian squadron liberated the Greek Ionian Islands, following the tactics bombardment of coastal fortifications and the subsequent landing.In 1798, finally, it was conquered from the French island of Corfu, considered impregnable.These battles can be considered the starting point of origin of the Russian naval landing.
Russian victory at Corfu was so resplendent that made the legendary Suvorov regret that he did not participate in this battle!
the Ionian Islands after the liberation was established the first independent Greek state - the Republic of the Seven Islands.In its political arrangement and was actively involved Ushakov.The Admiral was the constitution of the new state and has achieved favorable conclusion, and Russia, and the Greek government contract.
have captured French Italian shores Russian squadron again won an impressive victory.After failed to keep Naples, the coastal fortress were put French command in order to avoid a heavy toll.
In 1800, the squadron Ushakova triumphantly returned to Sevastopol.
Innovation Ushakov Naval fact
During these actions performed admirably Ushakov worked out scheme of joint actions of sea and land forces.Later he wrote about it all the textbooks on tactics.Maneuvers at sea battle were developed in detail Ushakov, which distributed objects shelling and route each ship.
When it was first used, and the mining of enemy ships.This allowed us to sow discord and confusion in the ranks of the enemy, especially when in the beginning of the battle disabling flagship.After that destroyed the remaining enemy ships.
Ushakov - the admiral, who developed a new system of training the crew.For the first time it included training in shooting techniques and land combat.These principles of training of naval officers and sailors survived the appearance of steam ships.
all tactical moves Ushakov during the naval battles he studied naval commanders in subsequent years.Their significance and innovation notes, for example, laurelled English Admiral Nelson.By his own admission, he was obliged to Ushakov his victory at the Battle of the Nile and Trafalgar.
Retired
Unfortunately, all the merits of the famous Russian admiral to have been forgotten, as soon as he resigned and left the capital.About him not to remember even the Naval Office.And it was put Ushakov most forces in the creation and formation of fighting the Black Sea Fleet.
Admiral FFUshakov finished his career in October 1817 on his estate.He was buried in a monastery near Temnikova.Modest tomb of the end of the century has been almost invisible.
In the last years of his life the great naval commander led a modest and secluded life in the village Alekseevka, was engaged in charity work.He did not like to attract attention to his person.And that, coupled with the efforts of the enemies was the reason that the name FFUshakov almost forgotten.
Only in 1983 appeared in the Russian navy battleship, named after Admiral Ushakov.
Return glorious name
Not a single lifetime portrait of the admiral, in which one could imagine its appearance.Ironically, his appearance was restored only in 40-ies of XX century.Then the special commission established the exact burial place of Ushakov.A famous sculptor-anthropologist MMGerasimov, using the technique, reconstructed skull appearance admiral.According to archive documents and memoirs of contemporaries it has been restored and the biography of Admiral Ushakov.
During World War II the name of the famous naval commander was a symbol of selfless struggle with the enemy for the sailors.In 1944, awards were established by the Admiral Ushakov.Distinguished naval officers presents the Order of having two degrees.And the sailors for bravery and heroism were awarded the Medal of Ushakov.
In 1953, director Michael Romm was filmed art painting "Admiral Ushakov".The film has received well-deserved recognition of moviegoers and became a powerful means of patriotic education.The role played by the famous Ushakov Ivan Pereverzev.Excellent acting, vivid battle scenes, fascinating historical events, amazing trick photography - all of this was the key to the success of films.
named after Admiral
After the film's release there are many objects bearing the name of Admiral Ushakov.Metro, streets, schools, military ships, merchant and fishing fleet began to be called by his name.
Most of these memorial sites in Sevastopol, a city closely associated with the name of the great naval commander.Ushakov Square with a monument near Sailor's Club is always crowded.Near the headquarters of the Russian Black Sea Fleet is another statue of Admiral created at the expense of the sailors.
Symbolically, the Naval Academy, where he was a graduate of the famous naval commander, located on the waterfront in his name.And for an excellent job training, she was awarded the Order of Ushakov I degree.The Admiral and named one of the bridges across the Neva.
In Moscow there Boulevard Admiral Ushakov, next to him - Subway Station.
in different cities of our country are monuments Ushakov, including Saransk, in his homeland.But his memory is revered in Greece and Bulgaria, owes its liberation from the Turkish yoke.The monument was erected on the island of Corfu, where the annual Russian Week, and at Cape Kaliakra.
Russian Orthodox Church canonised Ushakov and the saints canonized.The righteous warrior Theodore Sanaksar 2000, is the patron saint of the Russian Navy, and since 2005 - and the strategic air forces.
memory of the great son of the Russian people - Fyodor Ushakov - carefully stored descendants.
