Day of the Paris Commune is celebrated in honor of the first victory of the proletarian revolution in 1871, March 18.Paris Commune called formed during the events of 1871 in the capital of the French revolutionary government.
Background Event 1871
France, 19th century ... Working overthrowing bourgeois monarchy in February 1848 put forward revolutionary demands.In June this year, with arms the Paris proletariat opposed the republic "privileges and capital" for the "social republic".This was the first attempt at bourgeois order, the first great civil war between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.Heavy defeat in 1848 weakened the working class for a long time.Only in 1871, he again dared to oppose the government.
celebrate the Day of the Paris Commune (1848 events served as its formation) by many today.
Occurrence
After it had been established between Prussia and France a truce during the Franco-Prussian war, unrest began in Paris, grew into a revolution.As a result of self-government was introduced, which continued in 1871, from 18 March to 28 May.Paris Commune was headed by representatives of the parties anarchists and socialists.Its leaders have proclaimed both for the first model of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
natural phenomenon was the emergence of the history of the Paris Commune.The reason was the profound social contradictions that existed within the society of France, which worsened very sharply after the defeat of the country during the Franco-Prussian War, which lasted from 1870 to 1871.It was formed in February, the government of Thiers (his photo is shown below), the protege of the big bourgeoisie, has accepted the humiliating and harsh conditions of the peace treaty.The revolutionary forces responded to the creation of the Republican Federation of the National Guard.It was headed by the Central Committee.
first days of the revolution
Night March 18 was made by the Government of Thiers attempts to disarm the proletarian districts of Paris and arrest the representatives of the Central Committee of the National Guard.However, the plan failed.In a panic, the government fled to Versailles from Paris.The National Guard is located in the town hall, printing and barracks.Above the town hall hoisted the red flag.So it was declared as a result of armed insurrection and the overthrow of the bourgeois government, the Paris Commune.Elections to the Council of the Commune of Paris took place on March 26th.Two days later, he spent his first meeting, which led Proudhon Bele.New Town Hall on March 29 has been renamed officially in the Paris Commune.
Day of the Paris Commune
Date March 18th, 1871 is a special in the history of France.Its know and remember well all over the world.It was then accomplished the proletarian revolution.March 18 fell power of the bourgeoisie.It was the first day of the Paris Commune.1848 event was preceded, as we have already mentioned, this great date.According to the decision of the First International in the following year on 18 March, it was the first successful holiday work attempts to capture political power.This is the day of the Paris Commune.His celebrated until 1917, and in our country in the illegal meetings the revolutionary organizations.For the first time this revolutionary day was celebrated widely after in March 1923, the Central Committee of the DENR announced their holiday Day of the Paris Commune.
What contributed to the emergence of the Paris Commune?
On the verge of a national catastrophe proved France after the defeat at Sedan.Most of the country occupied the Prussian troops.They also briefly occupied some areas of the capital.The National Assembly elected in 1871, February 8, consisted of overt and covert monarchists.More armed workers than Bismarck, feared the big bourgeoisie.France under the terms of the preliminary agreement was required to pay a huge indemnity of Prussia.Its size was 5 billion francs in gold.Also Prussia withdrew Alsace and Lorraine.
National Guard
workers and progressive intellectuals came to the defense of the capital.In Paris in September 1870 it had formed the National Guard - 215 battalions.At the same time there was a political organization.The Central Committee of the National Guard under the embryo was actually the people's power.
plight of winter in the capital
poor people of Paris have survived the siege by starvation and cold winter.In addition, the shelling of the capital were Prussians.With food was bad.According to some estimates the Parisians ate forty thousand horses.Huge money they paid for rats, cats and dogs.The rate of products per day is 50 grams of horse meat and 300 grams of bread of poor quality, made of oats and rice.Huge queues were at the bakery.Matured crisis, a situation in which the revolution was inevitable.
pre-revolutionary situation became in Paris.A. Thiers decided then to disperse the National Guard force of arms, the central committee of her arrest, to sign a final peace with Bismarck, and then restore the monarchy.In Bordeaux it was convened National Assembly, which then moved to Versailles.
Transition Division Versailles on the side of the rebels
government troops in 1871, the night of 18 March managed to capture almost all located on the heights of Montmartre artillery.The people of Paris rose alarm.Soon, the rebels moved almost the entire division of Versailles.It was one of the decisive events of the proletarian revolution.The battalions of the National Guard on the orders of the Central Committee took the building of the Ministry, the police barracks, the railway station.Above the town hall in the evening on March 19 hoisted the red flag.Thus arose the Paris Commune (inception date - 03/18/1871) - The proletarian state, as well as the organ of the dictatorship of the workers.It lasted only 72 days.However, the history of Paris is unthinkable without the event, which was full this time.
Proclamation of the Central Committee of the National Guard to the people
Central Committee of the National Guard in the day, made an appeal to the people of France, in which he expressed the hope that the capital will be a model for the formation of the new republic.Filmed siege that was premature.Said in his address to the guards that the powers of the Central Committee resign, because they do not want to seize the place of those who dare to just a storm of indignation of the people.The leaders of the uprising itself is not even announced by the interim government.They do not dare to take full power.
Commune Elections in
CC instead of organizing a campaign against Versailles, began to prepare the elections to the commune.But it was not conducted an active campaign for the candidates of the population of workers.Thus, the initiative lost time.Fatal consequences had the fear of accusations of usurping power.In many departments of France it was supported by an uprising in the capital, but because of the lack of unity of action of the ruling party has not been reached.
March 26 elections were held in the Council of the Commune, is the supreme authority.Only 25 seats it got out of 86. The rest of the workers took servants and intellectuals.The unit of the Paris Commune was adapted as a form of government in particular for to realize the fullest revolutionary tasks set by the course of events.
Not only members of the Council took the decision of the commune.They participated in their practical implementation.Eliminates so different institutions, and the principle of separation of powers.Council commune was selected 10 committees from among its members responsible for the various aspects of society.
Armed Forces
Paris Commune as in the period of the Jacobin dictatorship, was based on the armed people.In most districts of the capital after the March 18 police were replaced by the National Guard and its Reserve Battalion.
Decree of 29 March 1871 also abolished conscription and declared that citizens that are suitable for the service are included in the National Guard.
Actions Versailles government
enemies lurking in Paris commune allowed all means to bear in order to disorganize the life of the capital, complicate the situation of the commune and thus accelerate its destruction.For example, it was the sabotage of employees of municipal and state institutions, which organized the Versailles government.The municipality decided March 29 that instructions and orders him more legal force and that are not subject to immediate dismissal employees who intend to ignore this ruling.
In the first days after the events of March 18 became sharply oppose established power bourgeois press.She began to denigrate the leaders of the Paris Commune, to dissolve in their address malicious fabrications.CC and then commune implemented a number of actions against these measures.Only about 30 Parisian newspapers and magazines have been closed during the existence of the commune.
Decision of 2 April
history of Paris in 1871 was marked by a series of dramatic events.April 2 decided to bring Thiers, as well as five members of the Versailles government to account.They were accused of unleashing civil war, organizing an attack on the capital.In response to the shooting of prisoners on April 5 municipality issued a decree about the hostages.According to it, any person who has been accused of complicity with the government of being in Versailles to be seized.Decree threatened execution of three hostages for each shot Communards.
Several hundred people were arrested on the basis of this decree.Among them were Bonzhan, a former senator, Arbois hamlet, Archbishop Zhekker, bankers, and a group of gendarmes, priests and officials.At the time of shooting of prisoners were forced to suspend Versailles.However, when it became clear that the execution of hostages commune is in no hurry to resumed executions of prisoners federates.Government leaders clearly lacked understanding of the need of repression against the class enemies.Lenin, analyzing the reasons for the failure of the Paris Commune, noted that it is not enough vigorously applied to suppress the resistance of the armed forces.
Despite the fact that on May 28 the revolution was defeated, and in the world today, many people are celebrating the Day of the Paris Commune.This symbol of the victory of the proletariat in the struggle for power.Every Frenchman knows that March 18 - Day of the Paris Commune.This date went down in history as the fulfillment of the first in the world proletarian revolution.
