Few cities in our country, the history of which is causing so much controversy as the Vladimir-on-Klyazma.Year of foundation of Vladimir - the subject of scientific debate going on for nearly two centuries.And not announced until now the results of this protracted debate.And today, the founding year of Vladimir is a contentious issue.
Two main versions
customary to calculate the age of the cities of ancient Russia at the first mention of them in the annals.But concerning the city of interest to us, this principle can not be applied, since there are some complications.Year established and mention in the annals of Vladimir indicated differently.This city, on one of them ("The Book of Degrees," Vladimir chronicler Nikon, Resurrection, Sofia First Chronicle, and others.), Was built by Vladimir Svyatoslavich at the end of the 10th century.
According to other sources, the foundation year in the annals of Vladimir (Lviv, the First Novgorod) - 1108 minutes or about that time.The city was founded, according to the second view, the Vladimir Monomakh, Prince Pereyaslavl.
Depending on what the annals of the most reputable scientists believe, they put forward and justify different conclusions about dating.Year Established Vladimir and year of the first mention of it interested many historians today.
Opinions Tatishchev and Karamzin
example, VNTatishchev expressed doubt one of the first in the original point of view.He believed that under the 90-ies of the 10th century in the annals of the base meant Vladimir Volyn, instead of Vladimir-on-Klyazma.The scientist has proved its point of view that until the time of Yuri Dolgoruky Vladimir Zaleski is not mentioned anywhere.NMKaramzin also attributed the foundation of the city to the beginning of the 12th century.
What do you think Fedotov, Bunin and Voronin?
Most scholars of later times rose to the position of Karamzin and Tatishchev.They have tried to bolster new arguments argument that the founding year of Vladimir - 1108 minutes (or about the beginning of the 12th century).The Rostov and Suzdal, Fedotov pointed out, were proud that their cities are older than Vladimir.Repeating the argument Tatishcheva that this city is not mentioned in the chronicles in connection with the war with Mstislav Oleg at the end of the 11th century, AIBunin said that Mstislav after freed scorched Suzdal, decided to stay in it.And if at that time already existed Vladimir, it would be more convenient to stay.
Several studies Voronin NNalso addresses the question of what the founding year of Vladimir should be considered valid.Scientists in the 30-40-ies defined it the end of the 11th century.Later, on the basis of Lviv and the First Novgorod Chronicle, he decided that the year of foundation of the city Vladimir - 1108 th.However, there are other opinions.
Opinions Kosatkina and Iosaf
not enough solidity and few as the arguments of those who believe that the founding year of the city of Vladimir is earlier.Kosatkin and losaph indicated correspondence, known for Nikon Chronicle, Bogolyubsky Luca Hrizovergom, Byzantine patriarch.It is mentioned that the city was founded by Vladimir Svyatoslavich.However, these authors criticized the fact that the credibility of the correspondence has not been proven.
issue of buried coins
Year of Vladimir and the year of the first mention of it was also interested in Tikhonravov.You can not call a convincing argument that scientists trying to justify the findings of an earlier date in the vicinity of hoards of coins belonging to the 7-10 th centuries.
Opponents argued that the coins could be buried many centuries after came into circulation.However, it is only theoretically possible, but practically unlikely.It is difficult to imagine that a lot of coins 7-10 centuries were completely intact someone, and if buried not been added not a single coin that dated back to the time when the treasure was hiding.It seems, however, that the vulnerability Tikhonravov position is different.In a very brisk trade in the days of antiquity Volga route located hoards of coins.It is likely that they may not have a direct relationship to Vladimir, despite the fact that they were covered at the end of the 10th century.
moments missed when considering some scientists
It must be noted, referring to the arguments of scientists who believed that the foundation of Vladimir was in the early 12th century, trends in isolation to address this issue without touching the issues of Christianization of Rus Northeast,than narrows the already artificially poor source base.Often it replaced the study of written monuments of the constructions, which are based on circumstantial evidence.From the annals sometimes omitted places contrary to established findings of different scientists.
Is Vladimir Monomakh founded the city?
chronicles that the city was founded by Vladimir Svyatoslavich, NNVoronin declared legendary.Their appearance is connected with the treatment he chronicles environment Andrei Bogolyubov, who sought to prove the antiquity of the city we are interested to enhance the prestige of the capital of Vladimir-Suzdal principality and, accordingly, of this principality.
What can you say about it?Suppose that, according to conventional wisdom about what the year of foundation of the city of Vladimir is historically true, it was erected in 1108.In 1111 m born Andrew Bogolyubskii, ie after only three years after the city was founded, Vladimir Monomakh.It is hard to imagine an academic squad prince proving contemporaries, who witnessed Share Vladimir that it was based not Monomakh, and more than a hundred years ago.It is unlikely that a clever politician Prince Andrew could count on unconsciousness contemporaries, as well as disrespect to the Vladimir Monomakh, his great grandfather, who enjoyed an exceptional reputation in Russia.
However, until we reached the famous "Instructions" Vladimir Monomakh children and a chronicle of his life as a part of the Laurentian Chronicle.It is narrated in the many campaigns of this prince, but on the basis of no mention of Vladimir.
main argument of supporters later
dwell on the argument, which is the most important thing in favor of the version that the city was founded in the early 12th century.Oleg Svyatoslavich captured in 1096 Suzdal and Rostov, but under pressure from the troops of Mstislav of Novgorod was soon forced to retreat to Moore.He burned Suzdal, retreating.Nothing is said in this case about Vladimir, although he had to share his fate, because he was on the path of Oleg.It can be concluded that at this time in not exist.
Can we consider this a convincing argument?
It is hardly convincing that argument.Firstly, it is not necessary to Oleg had to follow through this city, as from Suzdal to Muromu was more concise way, located on the banks of the River Nerl.It would be unwise at his hasty retreat extending for ten miles.In the annals of typographical, secondly, there is a 1095 year news of Vladimir, which refers to the events of that time.It says that Oleg took Vladimir, among other cities.
contradict late dating of such place names as Pochayna, Lybed, Irpen.They are Kiev.If Monomakh founded the town, it would be logical to expect Pereiaslav names because this prince until 1113 was Pereyaslavl, and people who came to him, could only be of this principality.NNVoronin, however, inclined to attribute the appearance of these names to the middle of the 12th century.However, this is unlikely, because while Andrew Bogolyubskii was in opposition to Kiev and relied in setting capital at the Masters from Galich.
Still a foundation year Vladimir is historically true?Unfortunately, today we can not answer this question unambiguously.Corker that Vladimir came later, is not, for example, the fact that the cultural layer belonging to the 10-11 th centuries, was not found in it.It is not archaeologically confirmed many of the ancient cities.However, it is not as proof of re - earlier date of its occurrence.Traditionally, the founding year of the city of Vladimir - 1108 th.In 1958 he marked his 850th birthday.
Whenever founded this city, he began to grow with the times and grow thanks to the care of Yuri Dolgoruky and Vladimir Monomakh.In 1157 Andrew Bogolyubskii moved the capital of the principality.
