for more than one century, formed the values of each of the punctuation marks, and to develop the concept of what is the punctuation.All unsuccessful examples then selected, and the best is firmly fixed in prose.
What punctuation , and what are the basic rules?
With this concept in the school met all the time.But can someone today clearly answer the question of what is the punctuation?For the average person enough to know that it is the rules of punctuation.Consider the major ones, like to refresh the memory of school lessons, and replenish the knowledge base.
were all taught in school that point, set at the end, it expresses a complete thought.But there are exceptions.For example, consider the following sentence: "He saw in the hands of another envelope.White.Rectangular.Weird. "
Judging from the structure, it is a proposal, and all points (except the last) can be replaced by commas.Why the author decided to put a point here?But to put it more precisely, the point is put not only where the idea ends up proposals, but also in the case when the author believes he has said all he wanted.Despite this, according to the standards, one point is placed at the end of sentences.If the author puts the point in the middle of a sentence, it's just his liberty.When quoting, however, can not distort the text, no matter what the audit showed punctuation.Consider other rules.
Dots and punctuation rules
antonym A certain point - dot.This put a punctuation mark, if the offer is not completed or stopped.In this case, you can come up with their own continued unsaid."How would you explain poponyatnee, Madame ...»
This punctuation mark has another meaning, when all is said and not, perhaps, on reflection, the author will add something else."In the department ... but it is better not to call, in which the department."(Gogol)
Both values Dot - incompleteness and uncertainty can be used together or separately.More dots represent gaps in the text of the proposals.
question and exclamation marks
If you dwell on the question mark, the punctuation rules suggest that he, too, the very opposite of the value of a point, but a little differently.If the point announces the completion of thought, a question mark still requires an answer.In Russian speaking, in accordance with this punctuation mark has a certain intonation and question words.For example, in the following cases: "What's happening to her? How does she think? How does it feel? Does she want to test me, or really can not forgive? She can not say everything he thinks and feels, or does not want? Softened Doshe, or embittered? "
If the author puts in the end of the sentence is not the point, and an exclamation point, it indicates that this statement is very worried about him.Therefore, the use of an exclamation point, according to the rules of punctuation, is fundamentally different from the use of points, dots, and a question mark: "Farewell, my happiness, my brief happiness!»
comma
a comma in a sentence, the author saysthat it is not yet completed and will be continued.Comma opposed and point and ellipsis, because the proposal has not ended, and deliberately interrupted.Using commas linked into a whole part of the proposal, devised by the author.So this is not so much a punctuation mark separates or distinguishes many combines words in the text meaning.
Besides punctuation handling possible without commas, for example: "What do you mean, sir, your cylinder is no fun."
semicolon
next punctuation mark, which we consider - a semicolon.It is to some extent and is synonymous with terms and separated, and in another as opposed to each of them.Using the semicolon indicates that the author has finished the bulk of his thought and the reader have something to think about, but this is not final and will be continued.This is how a semicolon Russian poet Alexander Pushkin:
Korolevich
wept and went to the empty space,
on a lovely bride
See more at least once.
Here goes;and stood before him
steep mountain;
Around the country it is empty;
dark entrance beneath the mount.
also a semicolon instead of a comma is often used if the parts of the proposal, which it connects, is too large and complex in structure.
Such examples are quite often pop up in the texts of world classics: "In the Victorian era, they say, morality was above all else, but considering how many children were at the Queen Victoria, it seems that someone is being disingenuous."
Colon
This author uses the sign in when going to explain made earlier message.In particular, in front of several homogeneous parts of the sentence after summarizing words: "The museum was presented to the entire outfit Morning Queen: veil, shoes and a coat."When the proposal does not contain the unions before the second part of it is recommended to put a colon if it complements the first part of it or anything explains.Also, the colon is used to direct speech, after the words of the author.For example: Finally, I said to her: "Do you want to go take a walk on the shaft?»
Which of the characters creates the greatest difficulties?
Tyre - the multi-valued punctuation.It is used in the case where the missing words in a sentence, or it is not complete, that is when the skipped a bunch of verb "have", "to be" and the like.For example: "Fairy Tale - a genre of folklore, which involved magical characters and magical events happen" - or "Lotus - the flower of rare beauty," - or: "Tyre - a punctuation mark."That is, there is the punctuation between subject and predicate, which are expressed by nouns.Tyre placed before generalizing word that sums up the previous listing by the use of homogeneous members."Lotus, saffron, rose - it's the flowers that were considered sacred and highly revered in ancient cultures in all corners of our planet."Once this is put a punctuation mark, if the subject is a noun in the nominative case, and the predicate verb is used in the infinitive form: "This heroism - to go out and tell the truth in the eyes of man."
can and should put a dash if the subject and the predicate expressed by verbs in the infinitive: "Correct and error to write - to respect the person who will read your letter."
Many writers like to use dashes, namely its ambiguity in their work, making this a punctuation mark to the main means of the punctuation.
What about quotes and brackets?
Quotes are often used in the design of direct speech.They are separated from the words of the author, or direct speech quotes.Also, this method is isolated individual words that do not fit the style of speech or not precisely matched.See for yourself: "The head of the party said that the government" groaning "under the oppression of criminals and" corrupt rulers "!"Quotes can emphasize the indirect meaning of words or manifestations of irony: "These" saviors of the Fatherland "easily will bring our country into trouble!"
symbol is highlighted statements that carry no primary and secondary information, "Rosa (planted by me) will remind you of those happy times."Thus, the punctuation in a sentence depends not only on the strict rules, but also to some extent on the willingness and intention of the author.
Unusual punctuation
Sometimes writers use and unusual punctuation, such as commas steam, which is allocated a certain portion of the proposal.The same principle can be used and dashes.In its meaning of a comma and a dash of steam here act as parentheses.If comma can distinguish design suggestions, using a dash designate part of the proposal, which in the sense of really distracting from the overall text.Check punctuation in this case will help to avoid mistakes and correct to interpret the meaning of the text as a whole.
If we talk about punctuation at all (not only in the proposal), then this place can qualify and sign Section (§), which is often used in headers, frames and selected elements in the headers, sub-titles and text.Taking into account all of the above rules, you can understand that checking spelling and punctuation - this is something that can not invest time in writing of any text.It is simply a measure of your education.Hopefully, in the article we answer the question about what is the punctuation.
