Almost all verbs change the faces and figures.This is called conjugation.Sometimes it comes under the general rules, but often the most used of them have to learn by heart, because the formation of various forms defies any logic.And among them, of course, "etre".
Conjugation of regular verbs in French
Modern man is difficult to do without the knowledge of English at least at the elementary level.Any trip, meeting with foreigners, highly specialized interesting article - for all this you need to learn a foreign language.Most often, schools are English, although French is no less important - it is duplicated in the driver's license information.He is also one of the working languages of the UN and its Secretariat, finally, it just beautiful and romantic.But learn it - no easy task, especially because of the grammar.
Remember how changing the so-called "regular" verbs, it is not difficult.There are two basic groups with different endings, which are conjugated on different principles.The easiest way to illustrate this with the help of the table:
| Present | ||
| I group | II group | |
| infinitive form | parl er (talk) | fin ir (finish) |
| Je | parle | finis |
| Tu | parles | finis |
| Il / Elle | parle | finit |
| Nous | parlons | finissons |
| Vous | parlez |
finissez |
| Ils / Elles | parlent | finissent |
Obviously, remember these rules are not so difficult.But unfortunately, not all so simple verbs in their changes.And it is, of course, refers etre.
Conjugation basic irregular verbs
It might seem that the French grammar is not much difficulty.But this is not quite true.Main verbs - etre (be) and avoir (to have) are classified as irregular.That is, their form can only learn to build them on the basis of common rules of conjugation is impossible.Compounding the problem is that these verbs often appear "bundles" that is involved in the formation of more complex grammatical structures.But do not immediately go into the question, to begin to learn how is it that these two verb change.
| Present | |
| etre (be) | avoir (have) |
| Je suis (I am, I exist) | J'ai (I have) |
| Tu es (You are, you exist) | Tu as (Do you have) |
| Il / Elle / On est (he / she is,he / it exists) | Il / Elle / On a (He / she has) |
| Nous sommes (we are, we exist) | Nous avons (We have) |
| Vous êtes (You are, you exist) | Vous avez (you have, you have) |
| Ils / Elles sont (they have, they do exist) | Ils / Ellesont (They have) |
So really learn conjugation French verb etre, it can be assumed that the grammar of the language is over?Certainly not!After all, there are forms for actions in the past and the future.And there it has a completely different verb forms, which will also have to learn.
Past and future
In French form 8 times, two of which are used only on the letter.There are four moods: indicative, conditional, subjunctive and imperative, as well as communion and design designating compassionate bail.That is all there are 21 types of forms for each verb, including the infinitive.This number is a little scary.And all need to master if you want a well-known French.The conjugation of the verb etre, as already mentioned, is not subject to the general rules and, therefore, in all its forms will memorize
complete table would look like this:
| Indicative Mood (Indicatif) | |||
| Time | verb form in French | Possible translation | |
| past form | Passé simple (Simple Past) | je fus | I was / there |
| tu fus | you were / there | ||
| il / elle / on fut | he / she has been/ has / was / there was (a) | ||
| nous fûmes | we were / there | ||
| vous fûtes | you were | ||
| ils / elles furent | were | ||
| Passé composé (Elapsed completed) | j'ai été | I was / there | |
| tu as été | you were/ there | ||
| il / elle / on a été | he / she had / has / was / there was (a) | ||
| nous avons été | we were | ||
| vous avez été | you were | ||
| ils / elles ont été | were | ||
| Imparfait (Unfinished Past) | j'étais | I was / there | |
| tu étais | you were / there | ||
| il / elle / on était | he / she had / has / was / there (a) | ||
| nous étions | we were | ||
| vous étiez | you were | ||
| ils / elles étaient | they were / there |
||
| Plus-que-parfait (Perfect for a long time prior to another action) | j'avais été | I was / there | |
| tu avais été | you were/ there | ||
| il / elle / on avait été | he / she was / was / were | ||
| nous avions été | we were | ||
| vous aviezété | you were | ||
| ils / elles avaient été | they were / there | ||
| Passé antérieur (Prior elapsed) | j'eus été |
I was | |
| tu eus été | you were | ||
| il / elle / on eut été | he / she had / has / was / there was (a) | ||
| nous eûmes été | we were | ||
| vous eûtes été | you were | ||
| ils / elles eurent été | were | ||
| present tense | Présent | je suis | I am / I exist |
| tu es | you are / exist | ||
| il /elle / on est | he / she has / there | ||
| nous sommes | we are / exist | ||
| vous êtes | you are / exist | ||
| ils / elles sont | they are / there | ||
| future tense forms | Futur simple (simple form) | je serai | I will |
| tu seras | you will | ||
| il / elle / on sera | he / she will | ||
| nous serons | we | ||
|
vous serez | you | ||
| ils seront | they | ||
| Futur antérieur (future designation sequence) | j'aurai été | I will | |
| tu auras été | you will | ||
| il / elle / on aura été | he / she will | ||
| nous aurons été |
we | ||
| vous aurez été | you | ||
| ils / elles auront été | they | ||
| subjunctive (Subjonctif) |
|||
| Passé | que j'aie été | transferred subordinate "... I was / there" | |
| que tu aies été | transferred subordinate "... that you were / there " | ||
| qu'il / elle / on ait été | transferred subordinate" ... he / she had / has / was / there was (a, b)" | ||
| que nous ayons été | transferred subordinate" ... that we were / there " | ||
| que vous ayez été | transferred subordinate" ... thatyou were / there " | ||
| qu'ils / elles aient été | transferred subordinate" ... that they were / there " | ||
| Plus-que-parfait (hardly used) | que j'eusse été | I was / there | |
| que tu eusses été | you were / there | ||
| qu'il / elle /on eût été | that he / she had / has / was / there was (a) | ||
| que nous eussions été | we were / there | ||
| que vous eussiez été | that you were / are there | ||
| qu'ils / qu'elles eussent été | they were / there | ||
| Imparfait (hardly used) | queje fusse | I was / there | |
| que tu fusses | you were / there | ||
| qu'il / elle / on fût | that he /She was / has / was / there was (a) | ||
| que nous fussions | we were / there | ||
| que vous fussiez | that you were / are there | ||
| qu'ils / elles fussent | they were / there | ||
| Présent | que je sois | that I am / I exist | |
| que tu sois | that you are / exist | ||
| qu'il / elle / on soit | that he / she has / there | ||
| que nous soyons | that we have/ exist | ||
| que vous soyez | that you are / exist | ||
| qu'ils / elles soient | that they have / there | ||
| Conditional(Conditionnel) | |||
| Passé 1re forme | j'aurais été | I would be / there | |
| tu aurais été | you'd be / there |
||
| il / elle / on aurait été | he / she had / has / was / there was (a) | ||
| nous aurions été | we would be / there | ||
| vous auriez été | you would be | ||
| ils / elles auraient été | they would be | ||
| Passé 2e forme (hardly used, book form, plus-que-parfait) | j'eusse été | I would be / there (in the designation of unrealized past actions) | |
| tu eusses été | you'd be / there | ||
| il / elle / on eût été | he / she would have been / has / was / there was (a) | ||
| nous eussions été | we would be / there | ||
|
vous eussiez été | you would be / there | ||
| ils / elles eussent été | they would be | ||
| Présent | je serais | I wouldIt was (the current) | |
| tu serais | you'd be / there | ||
| il / elle / on serait | he / she would have been / has / was / there(a) | ||
| nous serions | we would be / there | ||
| vous seriez | you would be | ||
| ils / elles seraient | theywould be / there | ||
| Imperative (Impératif) | |||
| Passé (used to refer to a call to action, which must be completed to a certain point) | aie été | whether | |
| ayons été | let us / let us be | ||
| ayez été | be | ||
| Présent | sois | whether | |
| soyons | let us be / Let's | ||
| soyez | be | ||
| initial form (Infinitif) | |||
| Passé | avoir été | be | |
| Présent | être | be | |
| form of communion (Participe) | |||
| Passé | été |
who was | |
| Présent | étant | being |
Yes, the diversity of French verbs strikes.And after all this have to memorize.The table below shows only etre, conjugation of which is an excellent example of how to behave unpredictably may
irregular verbs.But their huge number.In fact, the fear of irregular verbs should not stop those who want to learn French.Not all of these forms are widely used even carriers, and all that is needed, you can remember, regularly practicing.
Use etre
conjugation of the verb may seem complicated - and it is.But to learn all its forms is necessary, because it will have to be used constantly.
Firstly, it is present in the phrases denoting occupation, nationality, or other qualities of any person:
Je suis étudiante.I am a student.
Secondly, it is used when referring to states:
Je suis malade.I am sick.
Finally, it is used to form the past tense forms of some verbs:
Je suis allé.I go.
So to ignore such an important study of the verb is not exactly be.And his form can be stored in the course of development of various ages, moods and other grammatical constructions.Then conjugation of the verb etre will not be so intimidating - the main thing to do everything gradually.
Examples from other languages
French is no exception in the sense of wrong verb forms.For European languages, it is rather the rule.English to be, German sein, even the Russian "to be"!The last is not used as often as its counterparts in other languages, but it is certainly wrong.This is easily seen, trying to conjugate it.This time, he completely changes the basis for the "is" in the past and the future, it comes back, and the change seemed to occur according to the rules.However, correct to classify it as a "wrong".So before you think about how to have to suffer, learn a foreign language, it should be understood that native - Russian - is hardly simple.
