head of state - is not only the highest post in any state, but as an independent constitutional body, which shall represent the State both within the country and abroad.In various countries, in accordance with the constitution of the Chief Executive Officer may be either an integral part of the parliament, that is itself the legislature (without the consent of the law is not valid), as Head of State of Great Britain, or it may manifest themselves as the head of state and chief executiveas in the United States or Egypt.Sometimes, it can only be the head of the country and not to enter into any of the branches of government, as head of state of Germany.In Japan, the head is a direct symbol of the entire state, but in France it is regarded as the arbiter that assesses the activities of other institutions.One and undisputed ruler is the head of states such as Saudi Araviyaili Oman.
head of state can be selected as a collegiate and single.In the first case, the body of the Parliament, in the second - a monarch or a president.The first option is very common in the past in countries dominated by totalitarian socialism - the USSR, Poland.Now a similar type of government can be seen in Cuba, where power is concentrated in the hands of the State Council.
In Cuba there is no president.But the head of state - the chairman of the State Council.Chief Executive Officer of China becomes the chairman of the republic, who is elected by parliament.But it is worth noting that most of the functions carried out with the direct participation of their Standing Committee of parliament.
Iran divide powers between the president and the head of the republic.Last elected representatives of the higher clergy.Head of state Switzerland - the president, but it was elected for one year only, and significant powers had not.UAE is the so-called "collective" of the monarch, and Malaysia - elective.
In countries that belong to the British Commonwealth, all the powers of the head of state in the hands of the British monarch, but carries the power of his representative - the Governor-General.His claims directly to the monarch as recommended by the local government.
Often, after military coups over the country into the hands of the military council - the junta.The junta, in turn, appoint their own president.This has happened in most of Latin America, Asia and Africa.
Regardless of species, the heads of states have some common functions and powers.If we talk about Parliament, the heads of state convene a session of Parliament, have the right to dissolve, and sometimes impose a veto.They can form a government, have the right to dismiss ministers, selection of judges, take the decision to grant citizenship or political asylum.Representing the state at the international level, can enter into all kinds of international agreements, as well as to appoint diplomatic representatives.
