Socialist ideas in his writings justified T. More and T. Kompanella back in the XVI century, but socialism as an ideological and political current took shape in the West only to the beginning of the XIX century and was later adapted for Russia.The founders of this movement in Europe were Camille Saint-Simon, Fourier F., R. Owen, in the Russian socialist political views are promoted MVButashevich-Petrashevsky, VGBelinsky, Herzen, Chernyshevsky and others.An important contribution to this doctrine, introduced by Marx, Engels and Vladimir Lenin.
development of socialist ideas in Russia and Europe are determined by different social conditions.Western countries have had the experience of capitalism and faced with the unpleasant consequences of liberalism, which was planned to eliminate by implementing the new concept of development.The Russian socialist views emerged in opposition to the monarchical orders and unwarranted economic supremacy of the landlords.But despite these differences, the socialist political views have a common semantic core, which is characterized by the following features:
- Freedom from exploitation of man by man.
- of power - in the hands of the working class.
- means of production should be transferred to public ownership.
- distribution of wealth - the competence of the society or the state.
- ideals: equality, justice, progress, cooperation, striving to ensure the freedom and the necessary material conditions for each individual.
socialist political views of the Marxists are inextricably linked with the doctrine of communism.The formation of a socialist society serves as the first stage in the making of communism.At this stage, the distribution of wealth was to be based on the principle of "to each according to his work."In turn, each member of a communist society would be able to receive certain material goods in accordance with its needs.In the opinion of the Communists, the implementation of these principles can be assured by the ruling Workers' Party.
theorists believe that socialism - is a political regime in which everyone, regardless of their class of origin and be able to get all the desired benefits.Initially intended to convey that message to the consciousness of Russian landowners, to convince them of the ultimate benefit of the company.But it soon became clear that the revolution is a necessary condition for the transition to socialism and communism.However, towards the end of his days Engels was inclined to the possibility of peaceful formation of socialism.
Today socialist political views and ways of realization of this concept in life are estimated by historians is ambiguous.Some see the communist experience as a significant prerequisite for the modernization and advancement of workers.The right to free education, recreation, the emergence of social benefits - all of these public goods, according to some theorists, owe their existence to the socialist movement.Opponents of this trend do not see the benefit in the economic degradation and harsh methods of management, abuse of human freedom for the realization of socialist ideals.
