Every company or organization in the course of ongoing work interacts with different kinds of partners.It is often a consequence of such relations are debt obligations.Their presence indicates the presence of borrowed capital in monetary turnover of the company.
Indeed, in practice, do not raise additional funds and thus it is impossible to develop successfully.The market economy contributes to the development of competition, which forces managers search for ways to modernize the production process and sale of goods.So, the debt obligation - it is an agreement between two parties to provide a certain amount of money or material resources in terms of payment, repayment, urgency.
The first is to distinguish between lending and commercial banking.Commercial loans are debt obligations between the two companies, as a rule, for deferred payment.For example, when the shipment of goods has been carried out, and to pay for it will be made over a period of time in installments or a single payment in full.Such relationships are made in the form of trade credit or the loan agreement.
Accordingly, bank lending - is an agreement between a credit institution and its customer, legalized designed for this purpose agreement.The loan agreement can be considered valid from the date of the actual transfer of funds or tangible assets to use the borrower, and it can be both in national and in foreign currency.Moreover, the existing legal acts provided that an agreement between a credit institution and the individual really even orally, it may be of gratuitous character.Agreement on the free transfer of funds means that the borrower at the end of this period shall only return the value lent without interest amount.Credit agreement is considered valid in the presence of supporting documents.
Debentures certified by the loan agreement, the borrower gives the full right not to take the money and terminate the agreement prior to its entry into force.A lender gets an opportunity not to provide a specified amount of funds in the event that there is reasonable doubt as to the return of the debt in full, or in the legitimacy and veracity of the documents, which were submitted together with the application for credit.
Moreover, debt can be expressed in the form of business or commercial loan.The first is a single point in the basic agreement of the two counterparties.As a rule, it allows an economic entity to obtain goods with deferred payment or in installments.And for the design of commercial loan is necessary to make a separate agreement, which covers the subject of the obligation to provide a specific product to another person.It allows businesses to fill a temporary shortage of material resources, without interrupting the production process.
special role in the economic life of the country play a government debt.Often, treasury bonds are used to cover the budget deficit, or in settlements with foreign countries.In some cases, the government uses this instrument as collateral for a guarantee or surety for the third party.Thus, the government assures the lender about the solvency of the borrower, and also show their willingness to repay the entire debt or part thereof in the presence of adverse situations.Of course, such transactions are carried out only at the level of large-scale programs of strategic importance.
