Monitoring is understood as a system for monitoring anything.Translated from the Latin word meaning "warning" or "observer".Land monitoring - monitoring of their condition.It acts as part of the monitoring of natural resources and performs among them lead.
According to Article 67 of the Land Code, state monitoring of land is defined as a surveillance system for all the lands of the Russian Federation, irrespective of their purpose and form of ownership.Its objectives are:
- identification and assessment of changes in the natural state of the land, forecasting the possible negative processes and to develop recommendations for the prevention and timely elimination of the consequences of such processes.
- providing information about the state land control land use and protection.
- informing the public about the status of land as an object of the environment.
State registration of land (other than land with agricultural destination) Rosreestra carried out according to the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation № 457 from 1.06.09, the monitoring can be carried out in accordance with the federal program, and to be regional or local depending on the relevant program.
Land monitoring involves the collection, processing and storage of information about their condition, the constant monitoring of their intended use, analysis of their quality in view of the status of natural causes.
methods of data collection are shooting and surveillance from space, as well as aircraft and other air assets, ground surveys, a survey of landfills and stationary reference stations.The information received contains data in graphical or text form.
data that controls the monitoring of land, divided into basic (condition of the land at the beginning of the monitoring process), periodicals (the data for a specific period) and operational (data at the moment).The necessary data include:
- the location and the area of land;
- Functions (arable land, forests, pastures and hay meadows, wetlands, land under water or used for construction or under roads, etc..)
- the degree of negative phenomena (desertification, erosion, flooding, littering, oil pollution, heavymetals, chemicals or radioactive).The degree of negative processes can be divided into mild, moderate and severe, pollution - vary from moderately high to extremely dangerous.
By analyzing and comparing the data with regulatory assessment is made of all the lands and lands ..
Land monitoring conducted Rosreestra (its territorial bodies) allows you to create forecasts and recommendations for optimal use of land resources on the basis of the accompanying thematic charts, tables and maps.The findings of the monitoring materials stored in public housing data.This information is required in the preparation of the annual national report Rosreestra Government of the Russian Federation on the status of land in the country and their use.Monitoring data are used by state authorities, as well as municipal authorities in dealing with urban development, food security, environmental security, and others.
In addition, consumers of information monitoring studies are legal persons engaged in work on land management, in transactions with land underthe development of projects to protect natural resources.And individuals - citizens wishing to obtain reliable official information on land plots with a forecast of their further use (eg, for the conclusion of transactions involving the sale or purchase of land).
