In 1915, human practice has a new terrible episode: the army of one of the belligerents first used weapons of mass destruction.Near the town of Ypres on the position of the French troops the Germans sent a jet of chlorine - and thousands of soldiers were killed in a short time.
The fact that this crime will not go unpunished, it became clear very soon, and answer gas attack not long in coming.Soon, however, the scientists of the Entente and the union of Austria-Hungary state realized the obvious: poison people is much easier than to save, and even more so to cure.
Russia was not the initiator of the use of OM, but in our country was invented mask.As a true scientist Nikolai Zelinsky tested the device on himself, he spent a few minutes in the room, filled with a mixture of chlorine and phosgene (the most common poisons of war at the time), and went unscathed.
Types of masks during the First World War is no different variety.They were replicas of the invention Zelinsky and differ only in the form of a mask, and the name of the country of origin.Reliable protection is provided in the event that there was a delay of putting on, and rubber and metal box are not damaged.
In anticipation of a new world war passed the twenties and thirties, almost all of the XX century.In the USSR, regular civil defense exercises to prepare not only the Red Army, but also industrial workers as well as civilians.There are new types of filter masks, they were meant for adults, children and horses (the main drawing force and cavalry bases) and even dogs, whose role in the upcoming war was still not clear.
All WWII German soldiers regularly dragged cylindrical corrugated cases with masks, but they were never needed, defeated Germany without toxic substances.The Nazis also did not dare to use them, suspecting them of considerable stocks from their opponents.
But after the victory of a new war, the cold, and in its course there are poisons, against which the filters were powerless.Molecules OB (usually binary, that is becoming deadly after the merger of two relatively harmless components) become less activated carbon they missed.In response to invent new kinds of masks, mainly insulation.The latter are practically an element of space or underwater suit with a source of oxygen and a complete sealing of the internal space.
But not only military threats have stimulated the development of personal protective equipment.XX century was the era of large-scale man-made threats.Work on harmful plants rapidly developing chemical industry, the production of radioactive and nuclear reactors require a qualitatively new security measures.There were types of masks that can not be used on the battlefield, but quite effective in a peaceful environment.
For example, a worker performing cleaning or repair of the container in which you can not breathe, puts on a mask, equipped with a long hose, which supplied fresh air.
In other cases, depending on the nature of the contamination, you can also use conventional mask for dust dispersion.In fact, this is also, albeit very simplified and reduced the price, but the masks.Types and purpose remedies have become more diverse and versatile devices used by the military, is too expensive to produce them for civilian purposes.
distinguish types of masks on external outline simple.Unlike filters having removable boxes relatively small size, attached either directly to the mask or connectable with it the corrugated hose is provided with an insulating rather capacious reservoir of compressed oxygen.The use of the latter requires serious preparation, the construction is complicated reducer with valve and tank with an absorber of carbon dioxide.In addition, the breathing apparatus used meaningless without the protection of the entire body, which provides a hermetic suit made of special rubber.Modern poisons penetrate through the skin.
