Forest Land-on-Vorskla is in the southwest of the Belgorod region.It is a nature reserve, created to protect the 100-year-old oak forest, as well as valuable 300-year-old oak.Its territory is bounded by rivers: the east and south - Vorskla from the west - GEST.On the borders of the reserve are the villages.
history
Reserve "Belogorye" in the Belgorod region is not only interesting in terms of nature.No less interesting is it is in historical terms.
Since ancient times, this area was a place of struggle with the nomads - the Tatar-Mongol hordes, Polovtsy and troops of the Crimean Tatars.Dense forests have always been a reliable protection during the passage of the cavalry.Later, people began to build a forest "abatis" - a kind of barriers of fallen trees.In the middle of the XVII century, they made the construction of 800-km along the river Vorskla, which included forts, ramparts and even a fortress.
During the reign of Peter I the oaks are very strictly protected, due to the fact that for the construction of the Navy needed a lot of wood, particularly oak.
Felling elm, oak and ash for other purposes is punishable by death.In this area, Count Sheremetyev made a hunting forest, protected from interference by unauthorized persons.Because of this there remained pristine beauty of the forest.
Creating reserve
After the October Revolution, the forest was no one to protect, and people began just savagely destroy it and kill the animals living in it.Almost completely destroyed were foxes, roe deer, martens.
Thanks to the active work of the SI Malyshev on these lands was created known to many experts Forest Reserve-on-Vorskla.World War II caused him great damage.Immediately after the war it was transformed into a training-experimental forestry.Only in 1979, he again received the status of the reserve.
Nature Belgorod region
This area, located in the heart of our country.Belgorod region - a region of Russia, a remote 500-700 km from Moscow, on the border with Ukraine.Major cities in the region are Belgorod, with a population of 356 thousand inhabitants. Stary Oskol (260 thous.), Gubkin (90 thous.)
Belgorod region is a part of the Central Black Earth region and the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation.In the south and west of the border of the Kharkov, Lugansk, and Sumy regions of Ukraine, in the north-west and north - with the Kursk region, in the east of its neighbor - the Voronezh region.
The length of the boundaries of the region about 1,150 km, of which 540 km are on the border with Ukraine.The total area of more than 27.1 thousand sq. Km, from north to south the region stretches for 190 km from east to west 270 km.
Belgorod region is on Upland, on its south-western and southern slopes, in the basins of the Don and the Dnieper in the steppe zone.Its highest point is at an altitude of 277 m above sea level - is located in the area Prokhorovka.The lowest point - in the valley of the rivers Seversky Donets and Oskol.The area is densely dissected by beams, ravines, in which there were oaks.
River
territory of the region flow 500 rivers and small streams.Most of them belong to small rivers.Their length is less than 100 km.A more extensive river - it Oskol (220), Vorskla (115), Seversky Donets (110) and Quiet Pine (105).The river network is more than 5,000 km.
Relief territory
«Belogorye" - reserve, featuring varied terrain.Widely developed network of gullies and ravines.The climate of this territory - is temperate continental.The warm period lasts 155 days.Winter windy, cold, with frequent snowstorms.Spring is dry, short frosts do not happen often.Summer is hot and long.In general, the area belongs to the favorable climate.
located fairly deep ground water, tree roots do not have access to them, so the only source of water is precipitation.Vorskla River is very calm, quiet for so it is overgrown with slime and other aquatic vegetation.Lednyov cover lasts from early December until the second half of March.
State Nature Reserve "Belogorye" has more than 20 kinds of soil.The most common gray weakly and sredneopodzolennye loam.The fertility of these soils is due to the receipt of plant residues that are released during the decomposition of many nutrients.
Flora
Reserves Belgorod region are diverse vegetation."Belogorye" is no exception.
most cold-tolerant plants are birch, pine and spruce.Eventually I pushed oak birch and pine.
The reserve recorded 550 species of flowering plants and ferns, about 25 species of mosses, 61 species of lichens, 900 species of mushrooms.In most parts of the territory of the common oak grows, there is a small admixture of other breeds.
Forest systems are tiered structure.On the first floor are located 200-300-year-old great oaks.The second tier occupied by small-leaved linden, maple platanovidny, ash, elm.The third tier is given melkoroslym trees - wild apples, pears.
next tier up shrubs - European spindle tree and warty, wild rose, field maple and others. The grass cover is forest vegetation.In addition, you can see mosses, algae, lichens.
in different seasons of grass cover is different.Early spring is dominated Corydalis Haller, Siberian squill, Anemone Ranunculoides, crow's bows are small and yellow, Chistyakov.By early summer, they disappear and in their place come the summer shade tolerance.They are distinguished by white flowers and dark leaves.
Among them are hairy sedge, goutweed, chickweed lanceolate, fragrant woodruff, nettle-leaved bellflower, Lungwort, violets pleasant and surprising kupenu."Belogorye" - reserve, the territory of which contributed more than 200 associations.Here, there are areas of exotic (rare for the area) plants.This velvet Amur, Manchurian walnut, and, Siberian larch, yellow acacia and others.
interest of specialists causes of forest vegetation freestanding field with old oaks.Alongside them live orchard grass, common bent grass, clover and mountain field, Poa angustifolia, Veronica spicata, crested.
located on the southern slopes of the plots of dry steppes.The forest-steppe are small areas with a predominance of hawthorn, blackthorn, buckthorn.
floodplain Vorosky different great meadows with sedge bubble and sharp, Manica sag and large, reed canary grass, Beckmann.
Fauna
Reserves Belgorod region inhabited by quite a number of rare animals.This area is quite densely populated.Tragically, it should be noted that "Belogorye" - reserve, in whose territory because of thoughtless human activity completely destroyed deer, beavers and workaholic-otters.However, in recent years, there were common vole, gray hamster, quail, mole rats, stamping meadow.
«Belogorye" - reserve, in whose territory is home to such rare insects such as swallowtail, stag beetle, beetle, hermit, Mnemosyne, Podalirius, perelivnitsa, blue sash.They are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Birds
a separate world in the fauna of the reserve.It is no less diverse.Reserve early spring is filled with big tits singing, field sparrows, blue tits, pikas, nuthatches.In the forest, I heard the sound of a woodpecker.In March, the protected areas can be seen ordinary migratory birds - starlings, crows, herons, finches, wagtails white, black and song thrush, various birds of prey.
in high hollows in the woods inhabited by bats and stone martens, squirrels.Old stumps and hollows obzhili basal yellow-throated mouse, vole shrub, Ryzhi.Shrew hiding in the forest floor.Badgers and foxes are okorm in areas of tall.For moose and roe is the best delicacy euonymus.
in the woods at night can be seen grazing ungulates and hare.On sunny days the flowers surrounding cloud of bees, butterflies, bumblebees, many animals have chosen "Belozerye."Reserve in the southern part inhabited by badgers, foxes, raccoon dogs.In the dense thickets of reeds and willows breed corncrake, marsh warbler drozdovidnye.In swampy areas usual large number of toads and frogs.
I must say that the work of protecting the environment is paying off.Map of reserves, which we published in our article, shows how our country is developing in this direction.Across the country, there are areas where the animals feel comfortable under the protection of human rights.
