forties of the nineteenth century went down in history as a "remarkable decade" - the exacerbation of ideological disputes and ongoing spiritual quest.Russian intellectuals like "woke up from a dream", allowing the active development of social and philosophical thought.
whole intellectual life was concentrated in the capital - Moscow, where the leading figures of the era of Alexander Herzen, P. Chaadaev, A. Khomyakov expressed their liberal - idealistic views on society were debates and discussions.An important role in the life of Russia played a graduate of Moscow University.They expressed new views on the nature of the history of Russia and its relationship with Europe.Gradually, the discussion participants were divided into two circles, which were polemical name: Slavophiles and Westerners.
These two trends are constantly engaged in polemics with each other.The subject of their dispute was the past and future of the Russian state.Slavophiles and Westerners in Russian philosophy were similar in the interpretation of past times of his country, considering them different from the European.The first praised the lofty ideals of the Old Russian state.Westerners have expressed the view that the European powers in the old story unfolds quite the opposite of ours, it has long been forming some positive results.They completely rejected the very idea of comparing the past with the great Russian Middle Ages in Western countries.Some of them idealize the past, while others painted it only in dark colors.
Slavophiles and Westerners.What unites these two philosophical directions?
And those and other very critical of the present.They refused to understand and take action at the time of Nicholas system: serfdom, domestic and foreign policy, revolutionary transformations.Their words and actions were designed to try to defend the political situation freedom of the press, of speech, conscience, public opinion.
controversy Westerners and Slavophiles, and touch the future.First, admiring the actions of Peter 1, hoping for the development of the Russian state on the European model.The main task of the authorities and society, in their opinion, was the perception of a country ready-progressive forms of social and economic life, peculiar to Western European powers.To achieve these goals, it was necessary to eliminate the land system, abolish legal class distinctions, to give greater freedom of entrepreneurship, to streamline local government and to democratize the judicial system.
Slavophiles criticized Peter for the violence and strife, they contributed to society.The solution of social problems and getting rid of proletarianism they saw in the establishment of communal system.In order to implement their ideas Slavophiles were ready for revolution.Based on the idea of categorical distinctions between Russia and Europe, they criticized Western individualistic principle, placing great hopes on the establishment of the principles of community life of the Russian people.
idealizing Orthodox Slavophiles criticized Protestantism and Catholicism.They believed that Russia's task is to build your life on the true Christian principles and to convey the basic principles of his being to the faithful of all the earth.The country needs to open to all mankind the way to true unity and brotherhood - catholicity, or, as the hamsters' freedom in unity through the Orthodox faith. "
Slavophiles and Westerners - Originating in feudal Russia in times of crisis, these two trends and reflected the desire of the liberal sectors of society aimed to develop a holistic theory of transformation of the Russian state.
