In normal cells of the cervix is covered by stratified squamous epithelium.It consists of three layers: basal, intermediate and superficial.Any change in the maturation or differentiation of epithelial cells, doctors may be called dysplasia.This term is often called all precancerous lesions of the cervix.
Possible diseases
Doctors have identified a number of pathological conditions, which necessarily should pay attention.So, in a separate group joined the so-called background processes.These include true erosion, simple leukoplakia, polyps, ectopia, erythroplakia cervix.Separately allocated a precancerous condition called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or dysplasia.It is important to realize that the background and predkartsernyh states different pathogenesis.
But the emergence and manifestation of precancerous lesions and cancer are similar.One of the reasons many call the HPV.Thus, the presence of human papilloma virus in the body is not a guarantee of what is sure to be cancer.But those women who have found a precancerous condition of the cervix in 90% of cases diagnosed has HPV.But it should be understood that more than 60 types of said virus genitals hit 20, and 11 are considered High risk serotypes.
papillomavirus
Most people are unaware that their body has HPV.Some of the disease occurs in a latent form.This means that people are carriers of the virus, but no symptoms they have.If you are diagnosed with subclinical form cytological changes.Symptomatic HPV determine if visible warts exophytic and endophytic.
The most common are the 16 th and 18 th papillomavirus serotype.The infection usually goes completely unnoticed and is not accompanied by the appearance of any symptoms.But this virus infects a cell, it is incorporated into their genetic code begins replication of infected cells.This eventually leads to degeneration and becomes the cause of dysplasia or cancer.
But it is believed that an important role in the development of diseases of individual susceptibility plays epithelium and birth defects of protection mechanisms.
features background processes
gynecologists can diagnose a number of diseases of the cervix, which are characterized by significant changes.So, doctors distinguish the true, innate and false erosion.
Even teenage girls gynecologist can see when viewed from the displacement of the cylindrical epithelium.After the colposcopy, it becomes apparent that he is a bright red color.When this dye it with a solution of "Lugol" impossible.This condition is often called pseudo or ectopia.It can be congenital or acquired.But that's not precancerous conditions of the cervix, so that such erosion do not require treatment.It is only necessary to observe them regularly.
If the patient mucosa everted cervical vaginal portion of the cervix to, this condition is called ectropion.This combination of scar tissue deformation of the cervix and pseudo.On examination, the doctor can see the deformed neck with slit or gaping maw with red patches of columnar epithelium.Often they can be from the transformation zone.
Another background process is leukoplakia, the name of the disease translates as "white spot".In this disease locally keratinizing stratified epithelium.Thus stroma around blood vessels are formed infiltrates.Leukoplakia can be a simple, if it belongs to the background processes.If this disease appear abnormal cells, then we are talking about precancer.
Another disease is erythroplakia, but it is rarely found.The name literally translates as "red spot".In this condition, stratified epithelium atrophy, it thins to a few layers.Intermediate cells disappear.Through thinned epithelium translucent vessels, so portions look like red spots.
Also during the inspection doctor can see the processes covered with epithelium.They are called polyps.This bright pink education, which may be leaf-or oblong.They hang from the cervical os.
Causes of erosion
Often problems can be detected at a routine physical examination or a colposcopy.If the doctor sees the change, it can explain on what appears cervical erosion.Thus, the most common causes are:
- infectious diseases, the most common chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, genetalny herpes, papillomavirus;
- pelvic inflammatory disease;
- mechanical damage to the mucosa;
- hormonal changes.
The changes stratified epithelium, which is poorly bonded layers and loosely packed, damaged in places and exfoliated.It was observed that this is 5 times more often in women with menstrual irregularities, they can be even greater erosion of the cervix.Instead desquamated columnar epithelium layer is formed.
Aggravating factors referred to in a series of failures, frequent change of partners, early sexual activity, and decreased immunity.Many of those who have discovered these problems, are interested in whether there are any restrictions when was diagnosed with cervical erosion.What not to do in this disease?There are no harsh restrictions.It is important to simply monitored regularly by a gynecologist, take all the necessary examinations and not to abandon the prescribed treatment.
Diagnostics background processes
As a rule, women with cervical lesions on what does not complain.Any signs of erosion are not available.True, there are some whitish discharge, which does not cause any discomfort.After intercourse, spotting may occur or ichor.In this case, as soon as possible to see a doctor.He is able to assess the condition, to determine whether there is cervical erosion.The name of the disease in such a situation it is important more for the doctor.It is from the identified problem will depend on further treatment strategy.
On examination pseudo looks like a red stain irregularly shaped.It stands out against the pale mucous.During the colposcopy, it becomes apparent that the problem areas are covered with red papillae round or oblong shape, because their surface looks like velvet.Do not be afraid colposcopy, it's just a check with a special device that is able to increase the portion of 30-40 times.
diagnosis of such diseases as leukoplakia, are also not difficult.Some patients dead skin cell layers can be seen with the naked eye they look like white patches that rise on ectocervix (of the cervix projecting into the vagina).Others can be detected only during colposcopy.To clarify the diagnosis of cervical tissue can be treated with a solution of iodine.Horny affected areas are not painted in brown, they look like a surface covered with whitish film.To determine the nature of leukoplakia (simple or atypical cells) necessary to carry out a biopsy.
Also, when viewed from the gynecologist can see the cysts on the cervix.The reasons for their appearance following:
- genital infections that trigger the development of inflammatory diseases;
- neck injury during childbirth, abortion, diagnostic curettage;
- hormonal disorders.
cysts They look like bags that are filled with mucus.They come from Nabothian glands, which look like small white swelling.If there are failures in their work, the ducts are closed.In the case where visible when viewed from only one sack, called endometriodnyh cyst.But there are cases where there are several.In such situations, the doctor says it's Nabothian cysts on the cervix.Their causes, it is desirable to find out.After all, their appearance can be triggered by infections that must be treated.Usually, doctors recommend only one method of treatment - removal of cysts.This is done by puncturing the bag, remove the viscous mucus and processing place of its occurrence.
Tactics of treatment in cases where the doctor detects a problem with the cervix, it should tell you about what to do next.So, first of all professional conduct colposcopy, take the material for cytological examination and, if necessary, offer to do a biopsy.The full survey can determine from what appears cervical erosion.It is also important to make smears on flora, identify whether infectious diseases.It is mandatory to find out whether the patient has HIV, syphilis or hepatitis.In addition, the gynecologist can give direction to a survey for the presence of trichomonas, ureaplasma, HPV, chlamydia, mycoplasmas, Gardnerella.
Then you can start treatment.Depending on the size, causes of, and other factors gynecologist offer cauterize the cervix shock, make cryotherapy, laser coagulation or use of radio wave method.
In some cases, simply watch the erosion.Such tactics are selected in those cases when it is found in young nulliparous women.Most often they are the cause of its occurrence hormonal changes.
Description treatments
Searing is one of the most common ways.But while the procedure a lot of side effects.As a result, moxibustion can develop severe scarring, narrow mouth of the cervical canal.Furthermore, after healing of the procedure it takes quite a long time.But, despite all the shortcomings, quite often use moxibustion cervical erosion.Reviews indicate that the procedure is unpleasant, but it is too painful to call it impossible.Many women just talk about the sense of discomfort in the lower abdomen.Additionally, after the procedure may be vaginal discharge.
doctor also must warn of a number of limitations.It is mandatory to be sexual rest for at least a month after the procedure.There are also restrictions on lifting weights - you can not carry more than 2 kg.The ban imposed on the saunas, baths, taking baths, exercise intensity of exercise.
Cryodestruction often leads to a shortening of the cervix.Furthermore, as a result of the procedure can be narrowed cervical os.Extremely painful called cryotherapy is impossible, patients confuses accompanying unpleasant odor.
Many prefer to use more modern methods, such as radio-wave method of treatment of cervical erosion.He held a special apparatus "Surgitron."Located in its electrode emits a high-frequency waves, they form the heat at a meeting with the tissues.Thus if the cells are evaporated.
also highly regarded laser treatment.Exposure to the beam of waves causes that diseased cells are removed.When the surrounding tissues affected insignificantly.This method is considered the least traumatic.
Feature dysplasia
most often develop precancerous lesions in traumatic lesions of the cervix.You must be especially attentive to those with cervical erosion.Cancer in the background it is hardly begin to develop, but the field in a number of cases of dysplasia are found just on the pseudo background.
Experts identify three stages of the disease.The first degree is called light.When it struck deeper layers - the basal and parabasal epithelial cells.The upper layers are normal.External symptoms of the disease are absent.It can be detected only during cytology, wherein the scraping must be taken deep.
When the second degree - moderate dysplasia - changes may affect up to 2/3 of the epithelial cells.At this stage of atypical cells should not be.
In severe dysplasia of the third degree maturation and differentiation of the cells takes place only in the surface layer.The remaining layers are affected.More detailed surveys indicate the presence of cells with atypia.
diagnose hip dysplasia is not so simple.The disease occurs without any pronounced signs, it does not have characteristic symptoms.On examination, the gynecologist can determine ectopia, leukoplakia, papilloma see.Sometimes when dysplasia is that the cervix is not changed.
can establish the diagnosis cytology smear taken from the cervix.If in the process of studies it was found that the material taken into cells have dikariozom (change in the nucleus), it is necessary to conduct histology.It is made from materials taken during the biopsy.
Causes of dysplasia
In most cases, it is difficult to understand what was the basis for the emergence of problems with the reproductive organs of women.But there are several factors that can trigger the onset of disease.For example, if the patient's joints in the cervix, so it is malnutrition tissues.This could trigger the development of disease.
By precipitating factors also include:
- immune and hormonal disorders;
- the presence of erosive foci - the danger is a transition zone between the flat and cylindrical epithelium, bred on the outer part of the neck;
- the presence in the body High risk types of HPV.
Risk factors are the following:
- before the start of sexual activity a girl at the time, when the epithelium has not formed properly;
- prolonged use of intrauterine and hormonal contraceptives;
- multiple births;
- the presence of infections that are sexually transmitted;
- malnutrition with deficiency of vitamins C, A and beta-carotene.
has also been found to affect the appearance of these diseases affecting women and men's health.Smegma that accumulates under the foreskin may be a reason that will develop precancerous lesions of the cervix.This is due to the presence of carcinogenic substances therein which intercourse enter the cervix.
Possible ways of getting rid of the problem
Tactics of treatment depends on whether the degree of dysplasia was diagnosed.So, the first step is often recommended to just watch the tissue dynamics and pursue conservative treatment, which is aimed at addressing the possible causes of the disease.As a rule, carried antiviral or antibacterial therapy designed to eliminate pathogens.In the absence of positive dynamics, as well as in those cases when it was just dysplasia dianostirovana 2nd or 3rd degree, recommended surgical treatment.
Thus it can be carried out in the same manner as the moxibustion cervical erosion.Reviews show that this method gives very good results.It can also be used cryosurgery or laser treatment.In some cases, applied diatermokonizatsiya.This method consists in the fact that the modified tissue excised in the form of a cone, the apex of which is directed towards the internal os.Deleted sections of tissue additionally sent to histology.
is important to know that patients with dysplasia cancer risk by 10-20 times higher than those who do not have this problem.In the first stage there is a possibility of reverse development of the disease - this is about half the cases.But 40% of women, it will progress in the other - to be able to stabilize.
Alternative Medicine
hearing unpleasant diagnosis for themselves, not all agree on the treatment of traditional methods.Even if the doctor suggests quite gentle and highly effective method of radiowave treatment of cervical erosion, there are those who refuse the procedure.
Some are beginning to look for alternative methods.The most popular douching with dilute tincture of calendula (1 ch. L. To ¼ cup water), eucalyptus (1 ch. L., Diluted in a glass of water), tampons with sea buckthorn oil or mummy.
But that's not all options can be carried out as a treatment for cervical cancer folk remedies.Some healers recommend the brew for douching St. John's wort at the rate of 1 tbsp.l.half a quart of boiling water.
