Horace - the second great Roman poet Virgil, after which set out to create a model literature.He believed that poetry is "the language of gymnastics."Horace did not like the lyrics of Catullus, and wanted to write a work that would look like, and of the highly moralistic poems of Virgil.
The reader is of interest not only the works of the great Roman poet, but his historical epoch, biography.Quintus Horatius made huge contribution to world literature, but come from a simple family.In his poems he formulated his own wisdom, and gave a number of recommendations to the moral and ethical plan, all based on the philosophy of the Golden Mean.
Horace: biography and career
great Roman poet was born in 65 BC.e.in Venusia.His work falls on the first decade of the reign of Octavian Augustus, who took the place of Caesar.He was born in a family of freedmen who care about education after the death of his son and left him a small estate.
life of the poet was directly related to the activities of Maecenas.When in Rome, Caesar was assassinated, Quintus Horatius Flaccus joined the supporters of Brutus.It Patron helped him establish himself in life: the estate has presented and introduced to the circle of Augustus.
Horace died of a sudden illness in the 8th century BC.e.He was buried next to his virtue Maecenas on the outskirts of the Esquiline.
Features Art
Quintus Horatius Flaccus was a versatile poet who created poetry samples in different lyrical genres - odes and hymns.Both works are in form and mood of solemn enough.However, his ode issued in four books, are not intended to praise someone else's achievements and reflect the wisdom of the poet's life and his philosophy.Horace gives them advice, referring to who devoted odes.
All the works of the great Roman poet can be divided into several cycles of genres:
1. epodov (poem-dvuhstishiya iambic character).
2. Satire (accusatory nature of the work).Written hexameter.
3. Ode (lyrical poems dedicated to an event).
Horace, whose biography is represented by three periods of work, lifelong adhere to the philosophy of the golden mean, built on the wisdom, prudence, beauty, goodness and harmony.
Genre messages
Quintus Horatius Flaccus, whose poems were dedicated mostly to individuals, is very successful in this literary genre.He has written 23 letters, the last of which - "To Python" - was the second work of literary criticism after the "Art of Poetry" of Aristotle, which indicates its importance in the context of world literature.Home Horace aesthetics - rationality, according to nature, to the style and choice of words lifted fully consistent theme.His poetry is difficult to understand.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe once wrote that the images in the messages are similar to the "pendulum".The composition of lyric poetry is complicated by the fact that Horace could skillfully move from one image to another, using different poetic text size.His poems are filled with a variety of proper names, geographical names, and he pays attention to detail.
Thematic groups odes of Horace
poems, reflections are the embodiment of wisdom.Quintus Horatius Flaccus, whose work is mainly represented by four books of odes, writes in this thematic group on the brevity of life and the speed of the current time.For him, the desire for honor and wealth are meaningless.The keynote theme of the odes of love feast, but in contrast to the poems of Catullus, their happy and comforting tone.You can count 7 female names, to which Horace wrote a poem-reflection.In one of his odes (№30 «To Melpomene"), he raises the problem of the immortality of the poet and is part of a tradition dating back to the Egyptian poetry that human immortality is achieved as a result of his work, the creation of literary works.His infinity Horace sees in verse.
analysis ode number 30
This work received the code name "Monument".The poem is so loved the classics of Russian literature, that the idea of the immortality of the poet borrowed Gavrila Derzhavin ("I have erected a monument wonderful, eternal"), Alexander Pushkin ("I have erected a monument without hands"), Valery Bryusov ("My monument is of stanzasconsonant complex ").The latter two as an epigraph borrowed verses in Latin, who spoke once Horace.Biography of the poet, as we know, was far from enviable: a child he did not know the luxury and on their own trying to stay in people's minds for centuries.
Ode №30 called "K Melpomene" and completes the third book of odes;Melpomene is the muse mythology tragedy.In the work by Horace talks about his achievements at the end of its appeal to crown themselves with a laurel crown.To date, the most successful translations of the poem Ode №30 considered Lomonosov Vostokova.
Satire Horace
Peru the great Roman poet belong to several collections of satires.It is concluding that he was famous not only as a master of odes.Satire Horace resemble philosophical arguments about the meaning of life, in them he expresses the philosophy of the Golden Mean.The main object of derision are false paths of happiness, the pursuit of imaginary goods.Quintus Horatius Flaccus, whose poems are satirical, mocks revelers and drunks.One of his life's recommendation states that it is not necessary to become a slave of wine to quench their grief and abuse this drink.Despite the fact that the object of derision in the satires are human passions and vices, in which he writes about personal: satire number 6, for example, it tells the story of his life.Horace, with a low origin, lives, content with small and does not know the luxury.
Master poetic dimensions
Horace sometimes hides in his poems and its origin is not ashamed to be the son allotted to the will of the slave.According to the calculations of Michael Gasparov literary critic, poet used in his poetry stanzas 12 species of ancient Greek, his genius lies in masterful knowledge and possession of the poetic art.In the first book of his odes he gave a "parade" of these dimensions presented sapphic, alkeevu and other stanzas.Besides odes of Horace, the years of life that have been very productive, working with epodov that are very similar in form to pripevki.They express the political content and, in iambs, ridiculed the shortcomings of the people and the people (the clearest example - "To the Roman people").
recommendations Horace with explanations
"Be happy with what you have in hand."It is therefore intended simply vital truth, which states that you need to live and enjoy today and not to condemn the creator, because not every person to know rich.All benefits should receive a fair manner and content with little.
"Uses the money not if you kopish them, but not to waste."As history knows many cases when a person all his life sought to make capital, indulging in many ways, and earning him died.Horace says that philosophy wrong: you have to spend money earned evenly and live fully, without restrictions.
"Sorrows of life accelerates wine, but know the measure."Hedonism as a trend in aesthetics promotes the idea of pleasure as the highest goal of human life.Horace shared this view half: wine drinking can certainly quench your grief, but do not abuse it.
"fall in love, but do not suffer from love."Horace, whose biography is replete with seven women's names, brought the truth, by which a man can live in harmony with your heart.He does not deny love, but opposes the passion and suffering.
history of Roman literature names
most famous comedians considered by the Roman Titus Plautus Maktsy.He wrote about fifty comedies, but has reached us just 19. In total, he owns over 20 thousand lines of poetry.
Lucretius and Catullus are the brightest representatives of the Roman literature of the republic.The first is author of "On the Nature of Things" and the second was famous for his love poems.
Publius Vergilius Maro dabbled in many literary genres.This ancient Roman poet, is the author of the heroic poem "Aeneid»
Publius Ovid Naso called the younger contemporary of Horace.He is the author of the poem "Science of Love", written in an ironic vein, as well as a collection of songs "Amores".
Phaedrus is an outstanding poet and fabulist, who first started writing fables in verse.He became famous for his own works and translations of Aesop.
Initially, the term "prose" was used by the Romans to denote neritmizovannoy speech.The first product in the form nestihotvornoy appeared much later.Famous writer assumed Apuleius - the author of the adventure novel "The Golden Ass", followed in importance is Petronius Arbiter, who wrote "Satyricon."
