In February 1945 Yalta conference was held, attended by representatives of countries that were part of the anti-Hitler coalition.Britain and the United States have managed to achieve the consent of the Soviet Union to take part in the war with Japan.In exchange, they promised him to return the Kurile Islands and southern Sakhalin, lost during the Russian-Japanese war of 1905.
Termination of the peace treaty
At the time when the decision was made at Yalta, between Japan and the Soviet Union acted in the so-called Neutrality Pact, which was concluded in 1941 and was to be valid for 5 years.But in April 1945, the Soviet Union declared that breaks the contract unilaterally.Russian-Japanese War (1945), the causes of which lie in the fact that the Land of the Rising Sun in recent years appeared on the side of Germany and the Allies fought against the Soviet Union, became almost inevitable.
This sudden statement literally threw the leadership of Japan in complete disarray.This is understandable, since her position was very critical - Allied forces it suffered considerable damage in the Pacific Ocean, and the industrial centers and cities were subjected to almost continuous bombardment.The Government has clearly understood that to achieve victory in such circumstances is virtually impossible.Yet it is still hoped that he could somehow wear down the American army and to achieve more favorable conditions for the surrender of his troops.
United States, in turn, did not expect that they will get the victory easily.Examples of this are the battle that took place over the island of Okinawa.On the part of Japan it is fought about 77 thousand. People, and from the United States about 470 thousand. Soldiers.In the end, the island was captured by the Americans, but their losses were just amazing - almost 50 thousand. Killed.According to the Minister of Defense, if not the Russian-Japanese war of 1945, which will be briefly described in this article, the losses would have been much more serious and could create 1 million soldiers dead and wounded.
announcement of the beginning of military operations
eighth of August in Moscow, Ambassador of Japan to the USSR at exactly 17 o'clock was served with the document.It said that starting the Russian-Japanese War (1945) is actually the next day.But since there is a significant difference in time between the Far East and Moscow, it turned out that before the offensive of the Soviet Army was only 1 hour.
In the USSR, a plan was developed, consisting of three military operations: Kuril, Manchurian and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.They were all very important.Yet the most extensive and significant is the name Manchurian operation.
Forces party
in Manchuria to the Soviet Union opposed the Kwantung Army, commanded by General Otodzo Yamada.It consisted of about 1 million people, more than one thousand. Tanks, about 6 thousand. Guns and 1.6 thousand. Airplanes.
At the time, when the Russian-Japanese war of 1945, Soviet forces had considerable numerical superiority in manpower: the soldiers, there were only half as much.With regard to technology, the number of mortars and artillery higher than the same enemy forces 10 times.Tanks and airplanes as our army was more a 5 and 3 times, respectively, than the corresponding weapons from the Japanese.It should be noted that the Soviet superiority over Japan in military equipment consisted not only in its numbers.Equipment at the disposal of Russia, was modern and more powerful than its opponent.
enemy fortifications
All participants of the Russian-Japanese war in 1945 were aware that sooner or later, but it was to begin.That is why the Japanese have created a considerable amount of advance heavily fortified areas.For example, we can take at least Hailar District, where the Trans-Baikal Front left flank of the Soviet Army.The barrier built on this site for more than 10 years.By that time, when the Russian-Japanese War (1945, August), there are already 116 bunkers, which were connected by underground passages from concrete, well-developed system of trenches and a significant number of fortifications.This area is covered by Japanese soldiers, whose number exceeded division.
In order to suppress the resistance of the Hailar fortified Soviet Army had to spend a few days.The war is short term, but in the same time the rest of the Trans-Baikal Front moved forward by about 150 km.Given the magnitude of which was the Russian-Japanese War (1945), an obstacle in the form of the fortified area was enough serious.Even when his garrison surrendered, the Japanese soldiers continued to fight with fanatical bravery.
The reports of Soviet military leaders is very common to see references to the soldiers of the Kwantung Army.The document says that the Japanese military professions chained themselves to the frame of machine guns, to not have the slightest possibility of escape.
bypass maneuver
Russian-Japanese war of 1945, and the actions of the Soviet Army from the beginning have been very successful.I would like to mention one outstanding operation, which was 350 km long throw 6th Panzer Army Khingan ridge and through the Gobi desert.If you glance at the mountains, they seem an insurmountable obstacle to the passage of equipment.The passes, which went through Soviet tanks were located at a height of about 2 thousand. Meters above sea level, and the steepness of the slopes are sometimes reached in 50⁰.That is why cars often had to go to zigzag.
In addition, the promotion of technology was complicated and frequent rains, accompanied by river floods and impassable mud.But despite this, the tanks still moving forward, and for 11 August, they have overcome the mountain and came to the Central Manchurian plain, to the rear of the Kwantung Army.After such a large-scale transition of Soviet troops began to experience an acute shortage of fuel, so I had to adjust its extra shipping by air.With transport aircraft managed to smuggle some 900 tonnes of fuel tank.As a result of this operation were captured more than 200 thousand. Japanese soldiers, as well as a huge amount of equipment, weapons and ammunition.
Defenders elevation acute
Japanese War in 1945 continued.On the site of the 1st Far Eastern Front, Soviet troops faced with unusually fierce resistance from the enemy.The Japanese are well entrenched on the heights of Camel and the island is among the fortifications Hotouskogo fortified.I must say that the approaches to these heights were cut by many small streams and wetlands were quite.In addition, their slopes located wire fences and dug scarps.Firing point Japanese soldiers cut down in advance directly into the rock of granite rock and concrete caps protecting bunkers, reaching a thickness of half a meter.
During the fighting, the Soviet command suggested acute defenders to surrender.As a truce was sent to the Japanese people from the local community, but it did very cruel - he beheaded the commander of the fortified area.However, this act was not surprising.From that moment began the Russian-Japanese War (1945), the enemy was not fundamentally to any negotiations.When the Soviets finally entered into the fortifications, they found only the dead soldiers.It should be noted that the height of the defenders were not only men but also women, who were armed with daggers and grenades.
Features hostilities
Russian-Japanese war of 1945 had its own specific features.For example, in the battles for the city of Mudanjiang he used against the enemy of the Soviet Army commandos bombers.These bind the bombers and threw grenades at tanks and soldiers.There was a case where one sector of the front on the ground next to each other formed about two hundred "live mines."But such self-destructive action did not last long.Soon Soviet soldiers became more alert and pre-time to destroy the saboteur before he comes near and close to explode near the equipment or people.
capitulation
Russian-Japanese war of 1945 ended August 15, when Emperor Hirohito country turned on the radio to his people.He said that the country has decided to accept the terms of the Potsdam Conference and surrender.At the same time the emperor called his nation to comply with patience and unite all forces to build a new future of the country.
3 days after treatment Hirohito was a call on the radio command of the Kwantung Army to his soldiers.It said that further resistance is pointless and has been the decision to surrender.Since many of the Japanese had no connection with the main headquarters of alert lasted a few more days.But there were also cases when the fanatical soldiers did not want to obey the order and lay down their arms.Therefore, their war lasted until until they died.
Consequences
must say that the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 was a truly great, not only military but also political importance.The Soviet Army was able to completely destroy the strongest Kwantung Army and end the Second World War.By the way, it is considered the official end September 2 in Tokyo Bay when on board the battleship "Missouri", belonging to the US military, was finally signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender.
As a result, the Soviet Union regained the territories that were lost in 1905 - a group of islands and a part of the Southern Kuriles.Also, according to the peace treaty signed in San Francisco Japan renounced any claims on Sakhalin.
