information encoding all proteins of the body, is recorded in the cellular DNA.Only 4 types of nucleic bases - and countless combinations of amino acids.Nature took care of that every failure was not critical and did genetic code redundancy.But sometimes the distortion still creeps.It is called a mutation.This disturbance in the recording of the DNA code.
Useful - rare
Most of these distortions (99%) carry a negative value to the body, which makes untenable the theory of evolution.The remaining one percent is unable to provide the advantage that not every body gives the mutated offspring.After all, the nature of the right to reproduce are not all.Cell mutation occurs more frequently in males - and the males are known to be more likely to die naturally, without giving offspring.
blame women
However, people - the exception.Our type of mutation process often run irresponsible behavior of females.Smoking, alcohol, drugs, sexually transmitted diseases - and the limited supply of eggs exposed to the negative impact of early childhood.If men safe dose of alcohol exists, for women, even a small glass can cause misalignment of the formation of eggs.While European women enjoy freedom arabki abstain - and give birth to healthy children.
malformed
mutation - it is a permanent change in the DNA.It may involve a small area or block in the chromosome.Even minimal disruption shifts the code of DNA, causing synthesize very different amino acids - therefore, all of the protein encoded by this site will be disabled.
Three types
mutation - a violation of one of the species - either inherited or mutation de novo, or local mutation.In the first case it is inherited diseases.In the second - at the level of a violation of the sperm or egg, as well as a consequence of exposure to hazards after fertilization.Hazards - it's not just bad habits, and adverse environmental conditions (including radiation).De novo mutation - a violation of all cells of the body, since it arises from an abnormal source.In the third case, local, or somatic mutation does not occur at an early stage and not affect every cell of the body, with a high probability it is not transmitted to offspring, unlike the first and second types of disorders.
If problems arose in the early stages of pregnancy, there is a violation of the mosaic.In this case, some of the cells are affected by the disease, and some - not.At the same time as a high probability that the child is born alive.Most genetic disorders do not have to see, because in this case, frequent miscarriages.The mother often does not even notice the pregnancy, it looks like a lingering periods.If the mutation is common and harmless, it is called polymorphism.That is any blood type and color of the iris.However, the polymorphism may increase the risk of certain diseases.
