June 4, 1965, on a sunny summer day, the grand opening of the monument to Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov in his homeland - in Moscow.The ceremony was attended by poets, writers, researchers, students, schoolchildren and ordinary workers.From the podium sounded congratulatory speeches and poems.
idea to create a monument to Lermontov appeared in Moscow in 1941.It was in the year of the 100th anniversary of the death of the poet's metropolitan government adopted a decree on the construction of the memorial.But the beginning of the Great Patriotic War will soon not immediately possible to implement ideas.
only in the early 60s there was an opportunity to return to this idea.There were organized several competitions for the best project of the monument.And in 1964, the year of the 150th anniversary of the birth of the poet, the first project of the monument in Moscow Lermontov was approved.Work began on the factory.
Moscow in MY lifeLermontov
In Moscow, Lermontov spent a total of not more than 5 years.But with the city in his life he was associated with the most important events.Where in October 1814 he was born.However, a few months later, in early 1815, he was taken to Tarhan, the estate of her grandmother on his mother, where he was brought up to 13 years.
In 1827 Lermontov once again settled in Moscow, to get an education.He studies first at the guest house at the Moscow Imperial University, and then goes to the university itself.
Finally, due to Moscow beginning of creative activity of the poet.In 1830, in the journal "Athenaeum" it appeared his poem "Spring".It was the first publication of Lermontov.Since that time, he confidently walked into Russian literature.
first monument to the poet
talk of a monument to Lermontov began in the late XIX century, about 40 years after his tragic death in a duel.In Pyatigorsk there was an initiative group, which started to promote the idea, seeking permission from the government and leading fundraising.
It was also proposed to erect a monument in Moscow Lermontov.But in 1880 we passed the noisy celebrations on the occasion of the opening of the monument to Pushkin there (work Opekushin AM), so the new grand project of the Moscow city government was forced to abandon.
creation of the monument was preceded by many years of preparatory work.In 1889 came the first in Pyatigorsk Lermontov monument.
Other monuments Lermontov
Following the monument erected in Pyatigorsk, Lermontov memorials began to appear in other Russian cities.In 1892 - Penza (sculptor IY Ginzburg), in 1896 - in St. Petersburg (Kreytan VP), in 1900 - in the suburban Serednikovo (Golubkina AS).Twice he attempted to erect a monument on the site of the duel Lermontov in Pyatigorsk.The first project was implemented in 1901 (by Baikov AA), but after 6 years, the sculpture has deteriorated sinceIt is made of gypsum.The new monument on the same site was established in 1915 (author Mikeshin BM).
Monuments MULermontov installed in Tambov, Gelendzhik, museum-reserve Tarkhany (Penza Region), Grozny.It so happened that in the homeland of the poet in Moscow, his memory was immortalized almost last.But Moscow's monument stands out and craftsmanship, and its spatial solution.It was groundbreaking in many ways, but this is at the time.
Selecting a location for the monument in Moscow Lermontov
question of the place where the monument will be installed has been resolved quickly.Commission members unanimously chose the territory in the area of the Red Gate, which since 1941 bears the name of the poet.Not far from this square is the house where was born MULermontov.
Monument Lermontov in Moscow: the preparatory stage
Consciousness monument was preceded by many years of work.Design competition held since 1958.Members of the jury members of the Union of Artists has examined dozens of options for a long time without finding one that would satisfy them fully.A variety of subject and form were presented monuments Lermontov, the photos of them could not be found, but remained a verbal description.
Some sculptors relied on a dynamic imaginative solution, choosing an unusual composition, posture situation.They Lermontov was placed on a rock, on a horse, sitting on the ground, on a ledge of the mountain.These projects were in their own interest, but did not fit the place, which has been determined for the future monument.
Other authors have focused on the transfer of the internal state of the poet, by means of expressive gestures, turning heads, etc.However, excessive expression of the opinion of the members of the jury did not match the image Lermontov.
Interest jury caused projects that offered the spatial resolution of the monument analyzed, it will fit into the surrounding landscape.
group of authors led by IDBrodsky at all stages of the competition are among the contenders for victory.It is their project in 1964 and was approved.
Authors
Isaac Davidovich Brodsky was the most mature party winning creative team.He fought in the Great Patriotic War, and after graduation he entered the Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts, where he studied with the famous sculptor MGManizer.Before starting work on the monument to Lermontov, Brodsky already had experience of the construction of monuments.In 1954-1955 years he memorialized AMGorky Tesselli and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, did monuments revolutionary leaders.
to participate in the 2 young architect - Nikolay Milovidov and Grigori Saevich.They are responsible for the spatial resolution of the monument, refined its size, position in space, analyzed how the sculpture will be in harmony with the surrounding buildings.
invaluable help the creative team has the researcher ILAndronicus, without hints and tips Lermontov monument in Moscow would not have received such a portrait and psychological accuracy.
choice of material
figure of the poet, it was decided to make bronze.This is one of the most conventional materials.Due to its plastic properties, it allows you to create very complex compositions pass the smallest details.Monuments Lermontov in Russia for the most part made of the alloy.
Of bronze and made decorative grille, with a monument to a single component of the ensemble.The remaining part of this ensemble (pedestal, benches, playground, supporting lattice tower) made of polished gray granite.This combination of different texture and properties of materials allowed to place semantic accents and achieve maximum expressiveness.
Description
monument Monuments Lermontov in Russia differ in technique and impact on the viewer.Moscow Memorial concise and yet very expressive.The figure of the poet is hard contours formed by large smooth planes whose boundaries converge at sharp angles.It gives strength and posture figure.It seems that the apparent reticence hides a huge internal energy.
lively and dynamic interpretation of the sculpture makes the clothes.The figure is contained in a strict military coat.But the wind fluttering floors and swinging his collar, opening the chest toward the poet of nature.Stiffness, hamstrung symbolically expressed in the posture of hands linked behind his back.However, the head of the poet conation rolled away in a sign that he does not want to obey.
Much effort has been spent on it to make the portrait likeness.It especially helped tips ILAndronicus.The basis was taken Lermontov's self-portrait, created in 1837.
artistic details
The first thing you should pay attention when talking about the features of the monument is in the shape of the pedestal.In the overall composition of the memorial pedestal - it is the most modest and neutral part.Granite pillar slightly advanced in the middle, and at the same time raises the figure of the poet on the surrounding area and links it to him, becauseof the same material made playground.Pillar, devoid of any decoration, not a distraction from the main part of the memorial.
important part of the composition is a broad bench, stretching along one side of the platform.In the middle of the last century, it was a groundbreaking decision of the surrounding space.At the same time, this technique is widespread, indicating its great features and benefits.
Another important element of the ensemble is figured lattice, embodying silhouettes Lermontov's characters - the Demon and Mtsyri.Between them on a high wave rearing shows a lone sail.The grid has not only a decorative role, but also separates the territory from the rest of the monument park.
in many Russian cities, monuments Lermontov, the photo is not always possible to give them expression, harmonious relationship with the surrounding landscape.One thing is certain, monument erected in Moscow, among the top three.
