Historically, that the twentieth century was the century not only of rapid scientific and industrial recovery, but also the emergence and formation of political regimes.So, in this new century it was born and is still being discussed phenomenon - a totalitarian state.
History and development
first of totalitarian societies, and, as a consequence, countries have started talking in the twenties of the XX century.And in this case, the founder of this phenomenon is considered to be of Benito Mussolini (other sources George. Gentile), but the origins of totalitarianism lie much deeper.Ideas of this society, its distinctive features can be traced even in the works of Plato and later philosophers - Campanella, Marx, and even JJRousseau.But to become a reality, they were only able to in the first third of the twentieth century.
In Europe, only the war ended.Terms of peace treaties have been so flawed for countries losing it, that it seems they do not come out of a deep crisis, exacerbated by the Great Depression and more.Against the backdrop of increasingly impoverished people of an idea that only total submission to the state in all spheres of public life will find a way out of the circumstances.It is no coincidence is the fact that the considered view of the state consists only in countries that are obliged to pay reparations.Thus, these modes are generated in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union.The origins of totalitarianism in these countries vary: somewhere fascist ideology, where a communist - but the result is one "state - that's all."And the basic concepts and principles of action are the same.As will be demonstrated hereinafter.
concept and features of a totalitarian state
Speaking of totalitarianism as a phenomenon of social and political life of the country, always the assertion that a person in such a state seems a minor figure.At the forefront the needs of the state apparatus and its officials, which in principle understandable, sincein the title contains the essence - "everything for the state."But to understand what is expressed, it should be considered the main features of the phenomenon under investigation.
Signs of a totalitarian state represented by the following typical characteristics only for him:
- way to establish the origin and is always associated with violence.This is clearly demonstrated in the history of the Soviet Union, more covertly received the National Socialists;
- existence of political pluralism is rejected completely.In this case, we are talking about the level of the legal ban on all other parties except the ruling;
- logically follows from the previous feature next.The totalitarian state denies the principle of separation of powers and the possibility of popular participation in governance;
- use terror as a tool to suppress discontent of society and eliminate unwanted regime officials;
- creation of a special law, which aims to retain power and to give current status of legitimate force;
- existence of a single, mandatory for all ideologies, deviation from which is punished at the level of a particularly serious crime;
- creation of a powerful military apparatus aimed at both the external enemy (in most cases this is still conducting wars of conquest), and the suppression of riots and civil unrest;
- dominant role of the leader of the ruling party and his closest supporters in determining how the development of the state.
- «decorative" nature of the judicial system, are obliged to take legal but not legitimate solutions.
totalitarian state as such denies the possibility of the development of man as a person, whose rights and freedoms are worth.This kind of political regime will always be subordinate individual current system.
We can only note that the totalitarian state, as history has shown - is not a viable option functioning of society.And this assertion is due primarily to the fact that the denial of the role of man as a citizen and an active operating unit of society can lead to the overthrow of the regime considered.
