Party system - a phenomenon that links all aspects of life in each country.What explains such a bold statement?First of all, the essence of this phenomenon, which is a detailed examination and will be presented below.
party system and their types
In political science customary to begin consideration of any social phenomenon with its characteristics.In this sense, the party system is a special form of organization of political power in a country where the determining factor is its main elements - the political parties.The definition appears rather vague and therefore should be to identify the main features of the phenomenon.
Party systems characterized by:
- relations with the state - it is a question in this case is how the state apparatus interact with the party;
- the presence of legal parties - that is,their legal approval from the State;
- the amount actually involved in the political life of parties;
- the ability to create legitimate coalition.
In this regard, it is necessary to change the definition given above.So, the party system - is a special form of organization of political life in the country, according to which is determined by the number of key elements of the phenomenon and their relationships.
But the signs are not only based on performance.In fact, they cause classification, which are subject to the party system.And their types can be summarized as follows:
- by the number of parties in the country (Type J. Sartori) - one-party (Cuba), a leading party (China), with a dominant or dominant party (Japan until 1993), a simple plurality system (the United States), moderate pluralism (Germany), extreme pluralism (the number of parties of more than 5, for example, Italy);
- a simple division by the same token, most leading political scientists, and it looks as follows: one-party, two-party, atomized (unlimited number of games) and a multiparty system.
- on the legality of the existence of parties - non-partisan, with fixed and roll-list parties, with a free quantity.
presented three classifications are basic.Whatever it was, but the majority of political analysts divide the party system solely on the number of political parties and freedom of access to political life.It is this approach and reveals the relationship between the system and its main element.
Political parties and party systems
political party always presents the basic element of this phenomenon.From what kind of content are active players of the political arena, the whole sum as the current system and its development.Or rather - the transition from one species to another.
Contents of a political party is defined by what means it seeks influence in the state.Funds are divided into the democratic and quasi-democratic.In the history there are many examples when hidden under the guise of caring for people and the interests of the methods a de facto authoritarian.This situation is explained by the simple use of the institute of electoral law inherent in most modern countries.
So, political parties and party systems are linked in the following aspects:
- party system determines which party and in what amount will operate on the territory of a particular country;
- the actual number of parties in the political arena of the country determines the type of system, and, consequently, its development;
- legally binding system depends on what parties are currently in power;
- change the actual quantity and quality of the political parties will inevitably lead to the transformation of the system.
This is the main key points that determine the type of government and the political regime in the country, as well as the essence of the state itself.
