Traditionally, and in political science and jurisprudence is divided into three types of public modes: Democratic, totalitarian and authoritarian regimes.The latter occupies an intermediate position between the first two.Sometimes it is called the transition, but most researchers tend to assume that this species has a right to independent existence.Is it so?
Based on the fact that the offer to study modern state, it can be stated as follows: the authoritarian regime - a special way of the exercise of power in the country, in which all its fullness concentrated in the hands of a certain person.
presented definition sometimes subjected to some criticism.Some political analysts suggest adding to what has been said the phrase "or a party."His position they explain the fact that an authoritarian regime is a set of non-democratic ways and methods of exercising power in the country.So, in this phenomenon can be switched on and fascism, and totalitarianism as a manifestation of extreme variants of authoritarianism.But this claim is disputed.And the reason for this dispute are the specific characteristics that distinguish an authoritarian regime.
signs it may look as follows:
- The determining factor is that the power of the state is carried out in accordance with the will of a single individual.As you know, under fascism or totalitarianism of such rights has the party and its members.
- principle of separation of powers expressed nominally authorities of the branches are usually represented by persons appointed by the person "leader."
- Legislative power is actually subject to the governing party.Such a situation can be achieved through the quantitative superiority in the legislature party representatives sympathetic governor.
- Judicial authority is legal, but not legitimate.
- suffrage, both passive and active, is purely decorative.
- method is characterized by state regulation and administrative enforcement order.
- censorship is a "soft" nature of the citizens retain the right to express their views.
- relation "state - person" has the character of subordination of the second to the first.
- authoritarian regime based on a formal declaration of the rights of the individual and / or citizen.
- Law enforcement agencies are subject only to the objectives of a political leader.
As can be seen, presented features characterize the authoritarian regime as a phenomenon of the dualistic order.Signs and democratic (at least), and totalitarianism (more) are present in the investigated object.And on whether each manifest depends direction of the transition from one state to another state.
There is a situation in which the establishment of an authoritarian regime is vital.As a rule, such a situation arises only in case of emergency, among which may include: natural disasters, prolonged nature, man-made disasters, and war.In this case, the legally elected head of state has to invest in the power of the executive, some aspects of the legislative and judicial.It explained all this need to respond rapidly to emergency calls.
Still, these examples are different limited period, after which should be a transition to a pre-existing type of government.
So back to the question which is marked at the beginning, we can say that an authoritarian regime is presented in two forms: temporary (when required by objective circumstances) and permanent (when the management came to the leader performs the above steps deliberately).Therefore a clear answer to a question can not be.
