rolling mill as a device for the processing of metals and other materials several rotating pressure roll is first mentioned in the works of Leonardo da Vinci.The oldest mechanism described the great master in 1495, intended for the treatment of tin.Rolling device already widely used in the 17th century, where they worked on the basis of manual drives, which were later replaced with water (water wheel), and then to steam.Today, rental equipment with a manual drive is often used for handicraft works.
rolling mill as part of the equipment has a main body (working stand, which can range from two to several rolls, motors and devices, the power transmission to the rollers from the engine) and auxiliary (Equipment for moving workpieces, their cutting, straightening, cantingand etc.).The design of specific equipment linked to the type of products that it produced.
rolled products, depending on the type of cross-section is divided into several groups, including:
- tubes (seamless or performed by welding);
- rolled sheet (thin sheets or thick plates (4 mm));
- long products (shaped or plain);
- special rental (angular, C-shaped, with the changing profile and others.).
rolling mill by product can be assigned to one of the following groups: pipeline, lento-, zhesteprokatnye, special, sheet, wire, shtripsovye, broadband, high-quality, crimping (mainly blooming), billet, rolling mill.Equipment of this kind is bulky.For example, except for a small mill can have a length of fifteen meters, and the largest to date copy of the long takes of 5500 meters (owned by "Anshen Andes Iron Steel Group").
Classification mills on design features as follows:
- a single-(they contain stand, supplemented, for example, six electric motors, five clutches, gearboxes with four, three and two crates size gear spindles);
- linear mills (stands arranged one after another, sometimes in several lines, products processed in one direction);
- serial (several single-stand mills are arranged in series or in a different order);
- continuous (workpiece is processed simultaneously in a number of stands);
- semi-continuous (there are continuous sections of linear components, and equipment).
How does the mill?First, an ingot of metal is heated in special wells (temperature about 1800 C), and then delivers it to the electric car preprocessing (in blooming or slabbing mill), where the bars produced from the ingot.Further, one on another equipment type rolling metal sheets prepared or finished product a predetermined shape, such as a rail, etc.. Modern equipment usually a casting-rolling mills that can process the workpiece in the stands at a speed of about 300 km per hour.
Manufacturing mills is a complex and expensive process, however in Russia today there are companies that produce such products.In addition to the main and auxiliary equipment for the successful operation of the complex requires high-precision automation, lubrication equipment, as well as providing electricity to mills with a total capacity of 200-300 MW.
