Today, the monetary system of any country consists of the following: currency, kinds of money, the price scale, emission systems and the state or the credit system.Monetary systems of developed countries have their own distinctive features, which determine the equilibrium in the money market:
- Exchange of notes for gold, providing banknotes and deregulation of the gold content.
- transition to credit money that are not exchanged for gold and turned into paper money.
- money available to cover the expenses of the state, and not only for bank lending to the economy.
- The prevalence of non-cash operations.
- Strengthening the monopoly of state regulation of money.
monetary system of the Russian Federation
state monetary system of the Russian Federation - historically the unit of money in the country, strapped national legislation.In 1991, the Russian monetary system has undergone significant changes, before the Russian budget was included in the state budget of the USSR.The state money system always determines the currency, which is in use in the country and allows to establish macroeconomic balance in the money market.The unit of currency is called currency, established by the law and serving for the expression and of comparing prices on any product.
- 1. Currency Russia - ruble.
- 2. State banknotes with legal tender force - Treasury notes, bank notes and loose change (defined by acts of the government and the special laws of the state).
- 3. State the scale of prices - is a means of determining the value of goods, expressed in monetary units based on the weight of the precious metal in the monetary unit.
- 4. State the exchange rate - it is a balance between the currencies of different countries, which is determined by their purchasing power.
- 5. Procedure for issue (cash and non-cash) and cash handling - processes for the domestic law of the country.
- 6. Rules of the organization of international payments, import and export of national currency regulating money market operations aimed at servicing of money turnover in the country and the balance in the money market.
- 7. Non-cash money circulation is regulated by the order of functioning of the money credited to the bank accounts.
- 8. Credit and currency regulation by the Central Bank of Russia.
monetary system of the Russian Federation includes the following aspects of financial relations:
- public credit;
- budget system of the country;
- fund personal and property insurance;
- extrabudgetary funds;
- finance various forms of ownership.
monetary system, to maintain balance in the money market, there are two types: the system of circulation of metal coins and banknotes when silver and gold displaced from handling them irredeemable paper money and credit.Metal handling systems are divided into monometallic and bimetallic.Called bimetallic monetary system, in which national legislation enshrines the role of the formal equivalent for the two precious metals silver and gold.The state provides free coinage of gold and silver coins in circulation unlimited.Together with them in monetary circulation involving other moneys: small coin, bank notes, treasury notes, at the same time they can be freely exchanged for gold or silver.
monometallism characterized in that as the universal equivalent is only one of the metals - gold or silver.Golden monometallism existed in Russia before the revolution, while commodity prices are calculated in gold, it performs all the money in the country function.To date, no country in the world there is no metal-treatment, and the state bank notes are issued in the form of a loan of bank notes, treasury notes and small coins.Equilibrium in the money market allows you to keep their money not only government agencies but also private citizens who entrust their money to the state.
