One of the most important natural materials are widely used by man in various sectors of economic activity is wood.Wood properties of a particular breed determine the possibility of its application in a particular industry.The correct choice of material depends on the final form of the product, its quality and durability.
Wood: features hardwood
Hardwoods structure is characterized by expressive and almost no odor.He feels substantially immediately after the saw cut, and in processing.Most often, the wood is used as a finishing and decorative material.There are ringed (oak, ash, elm, etc.) And rasseyannososudistye hardwood (birch, beech, walnut, aspen, basswood, etc..).They have a different character position vessels in annual layer.Let us consider the properties and structure of the wood of some hardwoods.
Oak Oak wood is different expressive structure and beautiful coloring.Rock sound.It has a well-viewed annual layers, narrow sapwood is significantly different from the color of the kernel, which can be light brown or dark brown.
Oak wood is characterized by high strength and ability to bend.Due to the presence of tannins (in large quantities) has the highest resistance to decay compared to all hardwoods.
properties oak It is easy to contribute to the treatment of the material, a good staining and varnishing.Quite widely used for carving, decoration and furniture production.Thanks to large vessels material is characterized by good folding without breaking the fibers.Mechanical properties of wood allow the use of oak for the production of bentwood furniture.
valuable material for finishing a bog oak, which is a result of a long stay in the water becomes very high strength and in most cases almost black.
Beech
Breed bezyadrovaya.The wood has a beautiful texture, white with yellowish-red tinge.Annual layers are well visible.Beech wood is similar in some physical and mechanical properties with oak.It is strong, thick, firm, fairly easy to bend, cut, processed varnishes and paints.However, when drying is prone to warp and not resistant to decay, which is why almost never used for making furniture.
more popular beech wood in the manufacture of musical instruments, while holding some finishing works, carving and so on.
Ash
has dark-brown core and wide light yellow sapwood with a beautiful figure fibers.Wood is characterized by high strength and toughness.It has a good ability to bend with the steam, a little prone to cracking, almost does not warp during drying.Resistant to decay.
wood ash in value equal to the mahogany.It is used for furniture and musical instruments.From the ash build-up (burls) make valuable artifacts.
Birch
most widely used in the industry White birch.Breed bezyadrovaya, it has a white wood with a yellowish or reddish tinge.It is characterized by good strength and toughness.The hardness and density - average.
With material is convenient to work.Well cut, drilled, and easily polished, glued and painted.However, despite all the positive properties of birch wood, it has some drawbacks.It is almost not resistant to rot, much shrinks, warps.But this does not affect the relevance of the material for finishing work, since the properties of birch allow you to simulate a variety of valuable species.Also, the material used for the production of a number of other products (joinery, veneer plywood, shoes, skis and so on.).
very unusual texture of different wood of Karelian birch.Broken heart-shaped rays, wavy annual rings and the dormant buds in a dark stripe in combination provide a beautiful mottled surface.The material used for the production of artistic articles, furniture veneering.
Elm
has dark-brown core and yellowish-white sapwood.The material is durable, hard, dense, viscous.During the drying process does not crack or warp.However, due to a too dense structure, permeated with small pores is significantly more complicated processing (including polishing) of the material.
used in joinery.When Steaming responds well to bending, so that is used for the manufacture of curved parts.For lathes craft especially valuable nodules (caps) on the elm.
Walnut
Wood has a rich tonal range, texture and variety.The color varies from light brownish-gray to almost black.In a freshly cut wood is light, over time gradually darkens.It is characterized by strength, moderate hardness, high resistance to decay.Keeps its shape, does not warp, is easy to handle.Well polished, cut, glued and impregnated.
is used mainly for interior decoration, furniture, hunting guns, for making carvings.
Aspen
during storage in the form of a felled aspen wood gets a white color with a barely perceptible greenish tinge.Heart-rays and annual layers are practically invisible.A distinctive feature of aspen wood is the almost complete absence of knots.It has a high resistance to moisture, it does not warp, crack practically.With aspen easy to operate.It is soft, supple, well-cut, prickly, easily polished, firmly glued together.The disadvantage is the rapid drying of aspen.
Properties and structure of the wood determine its use for the production of plywood, manufacture of matches, glassware, toys and other small items.
Alder
natural alder wood color ranges from white to pale brown.After the carcass as a result of interaction with the air for a short time, changing to reddish-brown.
wood is not very durable, can warp during drying, but it has a number of positive technological properties, as characterized by ease, moderate water absorbency and softness.No problem amenable to cutting, polishing, gluing and painting.It does not smell and does not absorb extraneous flavors.It has a strong resistance to decay, so that the equipment is often used for wells and storerooms.In addition, used for carving and decorating.The physical properties of alder wood allow you to do some imitations of wood species (for example, red and black wood).
Lipa
Wood white, with a slight pinkish tinge.Annual rings hardly visible.It is characterized by a homogeneous structure and strength.Such properties linden wood as lightness, softness and viscosity allow easy handling of the material in all directions, both manually and on a lathe.Well painted, glued, it holds its shape.The wood is resistant to decay, during the drying process does not crack or warp.
Due to its robust structure and a small deformation of lime used for the manufacture of large pieces of carved furniture.It is also made from this material drawing boards, pencils, utensils and so on.
Pear wood is reddish-white or pinkish-brown.The younger the tree, the color is lighter.Texture homogeneous density, medullary rays and tree rings faintly visible.Material hard, dense, heavy, characterized by high impact strength and compressive strength.Mechanical properties of wood pear exceed oak and ash.During the drying process practically does not warp or crack.Pretty good is cut in all directions.Easy to polishing and staining.
is often used as a material for furniture decoration, carving, mosaic.The physical properties of wood allow the manufacture of pears from her imitation ebony.
Apple
Wood pink with bright red veins, hard, heavy, relatively viscous and has a homogeneous structure.It characterized by high strength and durability.Wood apple tree is prone to severe shrinkage and warping, so it is best to use in dried form.Material well-polished, polished, painted.When impregnating linseed oil or linseed oil becomes dark brown.It is used mainly for the manufacture of screw and joinery.
Basic properties softwood
wood from conifers is characterized by specific tarry scent more clearly manifested macrostructure and greater biopersistence compared to hardwood.These properties of wood of different species belonging to the pine, contribute to their widespread use in construction and production of various consumer goods.To include coniferous pine, fir, larch, yew, fir, cedar and juniper.
Pine
pine sapwood color can range from pale yellow to reddish-yellow, kernel - from pink to brownish-red.It is characterized by a fairly pronounced striped texture.Medullary rays are not visible.Annual rings are well visible on all cuts.
Wood solid, soft, lightweight, very caustic.Due to the large amount of resin is characterized by high resistance to decay.After drying, almost does not warp.Tractable, well-sawn and cut, relatively well glued.
High technological properties of pine and widespread makes it the most frequently used of all conifers.The material used in construction (both in civil and industrial), in furniture, joinery and parquet industries.In addition, the pine make musical instruments, plywood, drums and so on.
Spruce Spruce wood is characterized by softness, lightness, good taunts.The distinguishing feature is an extremely uniform distribution of fibers.Physical and mechanical properties of wood ate inferior to pine for a number of indicators.It has lower strength, and the resin content, which makes it not as resistant to precipitation and other atmospheric influences.Because less supple structure and a large number of knots spruce wood harder to process.
material is mainly used in the manufacture of furniture.Also spruce make stringed instruments (especially Part), as no more wood is not able to give such a response.
Larch
has a narrow sapwood and light reddish-brown core.Soft, elastic, gummy, very resistant to rotting wood.Properties Larch both physical and mechanical high enough.The distinctive features of the material are strength and durability.It is also characterized by a high density, which greatly increases the drying up (to the extent that it is not hammered a nail).
Due to the high physical and mechanical properties of larch is widely used.It is an indispensable material for construction work.Parquet made of larch wood, has a high strength and a very long service life.Beautiful texture and high resistance to warping makes it a valuable material in the production of furniture.
Siberian cedar
Wood pinkish color with a beautiful patterned texture.Annual rings are clearly visible on all cuts.Distinguished by the ease and gentleness.According to technological properties of cedar pine yields, but beats eating.Material well-treated, but not very resistant to decay.
Cedar wood has resonance properties, making of it makes musical instruments (guitars, harps, pianos).Also used for the manufacture of furniture, manufacture of pencils, and so on.
Fir
The structure is close to the wood fir pine.It is quite durable and dense, easily processed.But it contains little tar, because of which has a low resistance to decay and requires additional processing.
Wood fir is often used in the construction of houses for the production of window and door units, performance flooring.Also, this material is widely used for carvings.
Tees
has a narrow yellowish-white sapwood and brownish-red nucleus.Annual layers are characterized by a winding shape can be easily seen in all sections.Tis included in the list of rocks, called "mahogany".Hard, heavy, dense wood.The properties of wood generally positive.It is highly resistant to rot.Good to handle, polishing and painting.It is considered one of the best materials used in finishing, turning and joinery.Very valuable caps are often formed on the trunks of the yew, and are mainly used as a finishing material.
Juniper
Wood bush sapwood is characterized by pinkish-white and yellowish-brown core.He has wavy annual rings, which are clearly visible in all sections.Heart-shaped rays are not visible.
Wood solid and heavy.Distinguished resistance to decay, hardly loses in volume during drying and practically does not swell in contact with moisture.The more dry the material, the more beautiful cut.Well treated, polished and painted.
Application material is somewhat limited due to the small size of the bush trunks.The most commonly used juniper wood carving, manufacture of decorative items, small crafts, toys, turning articles and so on.
