Passive voice in English - it's quite simple theme to develop, if before it was well researched methods of forming the second sacrament, especially the table of irregular verbs.
What is the passive voice?
In English, it is used very actively, so understanding its essence - this is the first, where to start.Compare the two sentences: "He says," "He is spoken."In the second case the object performs an action, and the action performed on them.Passive voice is called passive."The dress was sewn", "The offender was taken into custody," "bring coffee to the room" - everywhere subject performs a passive, passive role, is the object of someone else's actions.At the same time, the source of the action is not necessary.The offender was taken into custody by someone specific or not - it's not so important.From the construction of the phrase it is clear that such a source exists, but it is secondary.
Passive voice: grammar
grammar passive voice in English is quite simple, and all forms can be summarized as follows:
- subject + auxiliary verb to be or to have in an appropriate form + first communion.
Not all verbs can be used in the passive voice.Compare two verbs: to travel (to travel) and write (to write).The second verb can have an object on which he performs an action (to write it? - A letter, a book, an essay), and the first object of the verb can not have.This object is called the direct object.And the verbs that can have such an addition, referred to as transient.As you know, only transitive verbs can be employed in the passive voice.
Passive voice in the English language has eight grammatical forms.Three times - future, present and past, plus the three states of time - a simple, long and complete.It would seem that forms the passive voice should be nine, but the future is a long time in the passive voice is not used.
studying this topic, you will appreciate how simple and logical English.Passive voice, which forms the table given below, based on a coherent grammatical scheme.Guided by the table, you can easily make correct sentences.Despite the fact that this topic is considered to be quite complex (it is considered at the level of Intermediate), it usually does not cause any problems in students.
| present | Past | future | |
| Simple | am / is / are + built / called | was / were + built / called | will+ be + built / called |
| Long | am / is / are + being + built / called | was / were + being + built / called | - |
| Completed | have/ has + been + built / called | had + been + built / called | will + have + been + built / called |
Special attention should be paid to the passive voice in the form of time, "The future is in the past."
How to translate passive voice
In English, if we forget about the Russian and understand the right sense, very simple.That object, that action, that simple little table in three columns on three lines.But in our language passive voice grammatically realized much richer and more complex.Therefore, the ways of transferring the same English sentence may be several.
1. Using the verb "to be" and communion.This is especially handy when it comes to the past or future tense.As is known, Russian verb "to be" in the present tense (a form of "is") is used very rarely.
- The houses were built here last year .- Houses were built here last year.
- The parcel will be sent tomorrow .- Parcel will be framed tomorrow.
2. reflexive verbs (ending Xia ).This method is suitable for the present time.
- Letters are delivered at 7 every day .- Letters are delivered every day at seven o'clock.
3. indefinite-personal design.The verb in this case is in the plural.Suitable for any age, but is used only when the object to perform any act specified.
- The houses were built here last year .- Houses built here last year.
- Letters are delivered at 7 every day .- Letters are delivered every day at seven o'clock.
- My lawn mower already has been repaired .- My lawnmower has already repaired.
- These offices are being cleaned now .- The offices are now removed.
- The parcel will be sent tomorrow .- Parcel will be sent tomorrow morning.
How to quickly master the passive voice?English language exercises that in abundance in a variety of modern textbooks, really easy to learn, if only because you are not restricted.It offers hugest methodological framework that allows the development of human language to build with almost any circumstances and needs.Imagine that you learn less popular languages, such as Korean or Spanish.Choose especially from what is not, and in many respects will have to be independent, that is fraught with the movement "not there" and "wrong."Here you have to just perseverance.Keep a table with forms of passive voice and try to translate all that caught my eye, starting with the proposals in your textbook and ending with his own thoughts.
