Today in this article we will look at how to use the time of the verb in the present perfect, the rules of formation of this grammatical form, usage examples and more.I must say that it is - one of the most difficult times, used in English.Present perfect refers to someone's action, which was the place to be (started) in the past, but at the same time relevant to the present point in time.That is, you can watch the result of this action in the present.
Present perfect: the rules of formation
Present perfect is formed as follows:
I / we / you / she / he / it + have or has + past participle
(Past participle form of the verb is in the past tense).For so-called "regular" verbs (they are, as we know, the majority of) the elapsed time can be obtained by adding the end of the «-ed» at the end of a word.For the "wrong" verbs, this method is not suitable, their last form you need to memorize.Please note that the verbs have assistants and has generally reduced to 've and' s, see:
- I've wrote that article - I wrote that article.
- He's done his homework - he did his homework.
In case of denial to be used have not, or has not, get a brief have not / has not.
Present Perfect: apply the correct
beginning students often difficult to know when it should be used during Present Perfect, because it is often confused, for example, with Past Simple.Read this section carefully, here we have a very detailed look at the time Present Perfect, the rules for its application:
- Present Perfect is used, when it comes to action, the beginning of which was in the past, but, nevertheless, they are still going.Often in such sentences are words "for" and "since":
- This old beautiful building has stood on this square for three hundred fifty years - This is an old beautiful building standing (and, indeed, continues to stand) on this square herealready 350 years.
- I'm starving.I have not eaten since lunch - I'm incredibly hungry.I have not eaten since lunch.
- Present Perfect is used, and when we are talking about any actions that occurred in the past, but can also happen in the future.The time period in which the action took place, is not over, that is, it may be repeated one or more times.As an example, consider:
- Maria has been to London once, but she would like to travel there again - Maria had already been in London, but she would like to go there again.
- present elapsed time used data sentences: this year / day / week / month, recently, ever, yet.It can be seen that the time period is not defined, but it is closely connected with this.For example:
- Have they heard from John recently?- They heard something about Mark recently?
- I've been in a lot of places last few weeks - Over the past few weeks I have visited many places.
- I've had five cups of green tea today - I drank today have 5 cups of green tea
- As for the time Present Perfect: the rules for its use extends to a situation where we can already see the results of anyaction.For example:
- The earthquake has destroyed the industry in the whole region - The earthquake destroyed the whole area industry (as a result, and now the region is still having problems with industrial production).
- Often times Present perfect is used for events and acts committed recently.For example, you're ready for lunch and cut your finger.In English, when exclaims Oh, I 've cut my finger!(Oh, I cut my finger!) To be used exclusively by this elapsed time.
on what to look for, or Tips on learning the topic
Present Perfect - this is a summary of the most common and the name of the time Present perfect simple, rules for the use of which we have just considered.We hope that our article has helped you to understand this difficult grammatical subject.And remember - all is learned in practice, that is, the more you do the exercises to consolidate the use of the present perfect tense, the smaller the error in the future you will make.Note also that the Present Perfect is quite easy to use time than, for example, with the Present Perfect Continuous, rules which mean and how the formation of complex design (have or has been + Verb-ing), and the use of in cases where the action isIt started in the past, but at the same time has not yet ended and, moreover, is still ongoing.Either way, only practice will help you to learn English at a sufficient level to speak and write clearly and correctly.
