Water - a communication system in the form of complex structures of pipes and valves designed for water supply to customers.To determine the effectiveness of the system applies the concept of "water pressure" in the water.From this figure depends correct operation of plumbing fixtures and comfortable fulfillment of hygienic measures.
consequence of low pressure in the system is the lack of water pressure, which brings a lot of inconvenience to tenants on the upper floors of apartment buildings.This phenomenon makes it difficult to work dishwashers and washing machines, or even impossible to use the massage showers and Jacuzzi.
However, there are several ways of dealing with life complicating factor.If the cause of low pressure lies not in the usual clogged pipes, water pressure can be adjusted thanks to the installation of devices that provide maximum comfort for the life of head.
What is the water pressure is considered normal
To measure the pressure of the fluid in the pipe using the units that are slightly different in their values.Despite minor differences, the indicators are equal to one another.
1 bar is equal to 0.0197 and 10.19 atmospheres m water column.
Pumping equipment, supplies water to a height of 30 m, develops outlet pressure of 3 bar (3 atm).If pumping water submersible pump from a well or borehole depth of 10 m is required 1 bar, the other 2 bars provide a liquid to rise Diversion points.
pressure in urban and private pipeline
In order to optimize the water pressure in the city water, do not take into account the delivery of fluid from the well.The water supply is carried out from a central network.However, owners of country cottages with self-contained water supply should take into account the level of the source, or rather the depth at which it is established pumps in the mine pit.When the water passes through the pipeline it overcomes a resistance, which must also be taken into consideration when calculating the required pressure.
according to GOST standards and the pressure in the urban systems must be 4 atmosphere.However, users of the water supply system connected to the central stations, accurate information about what kind of water pressure, not give.This value may fluctuate in the range of 2.5-7.5 atmospheres.
What to consider when choosing plumbing
Increase water pressure in the water to more than 7 atmospheres devastating effect on sensitive sanitary devices, connecting elements in the pipeline and ceramic valves.The residents of city apartments are advised to purchase equipment for the water supply system with a maximum margin of safety.This will help avoid repair work provoked sharp increases in pressure in the future.
All installed faucets, valves, pumps must steadfastly withstand water pressure of 6-7 atmospheres.It should be noted that the annual seasonal pressure testing up to 10 atmospheres.
optimum pressure value for normal household appliances
minimum water pressure of 2 atmosphere enough to perform the following tasks:
- showering;
- washing;
- washing kitchen utensils;
- other hygiene needs;
- normal operation of the washing machine.
Head 4 of atmosphere allows to extend the range of tasks, which include the adoption of a massage shower and Jacuzzi, watering of the infield with greenery.
The country houses the pressure should be sufficient for the simultaneous use of water multiple water intake points.In order not to mar the lives of family members, the water supply must be equivalent in all sanitary units and be at least 1.5 atmospheres.
Fire water
water pressure in the fire line can be high or low.Fire water supply of high pressure for extinguishing large industrial, commercial and public buildings.Construct a water pressure of 2.5 l / s In suburban areas makes no sense.The owners of the cottages should be aware that the minimum water pressure in the fire line must be at least 1.5 l / s.
How to measure the pressure in the water
Measure water pressure by using a pressure gauge.Before installation of the device is necessary to block the cold or hot water, depending on how the water pressure force to be measured.Place in the system for installation of the device has to be user-friendly and easily accessible.Next, you will need a metal pipe 5 cm long. With the dice must be done externally threaded on the tube to make it as accurate as possible approached to gauge.In order to cut a hole in the pipe of the necessary diameter and attach it to the prepared section of pipe, you can use the welding machine.
gauge is mounted on a metal pipe with a wrench.To solve the problem of leakage in the joints, there are special sealing materials.After installation of the device is completed, you can proceed to check pressure in the water.To do this, restore the water supply and lock indicators on the gauge.
How to lower water pressure
to stabilize and reduce the pressure of water, a special gear.It protects from water hammer not only the water, but connected thereto appliances.A small device is arranged in a sealed metal enclosure.The pressure regulator has two threaded pipe situated upstream and downstream.In some cases it may be arranged third nozzle for mounting the pressure gauge and the screw for adjusting the water pressure.
gear works on the principle of balancing the efforts of the diaphragm and the setting spring.If the valve is opened in the water, the outlet pressure in the apparatus is reduced, thereby reducing the pressure on the diaphragm.The spring force is on the increase.It opens up a hole until the pressure in the water at the outlet reaches a certain value.High blood pressure, or a horse racing does not affect the opening and closing of the valve.
Ways to improve water pressure in the water
Most often the problem of low water pressure in the face:
- owners of apartments in high-rise buildings, located on the upper floors;
- owners of suburban areas in the summer, when the water flow is greatly increased.
Before installing the equipment, providing the increase of water pressure, residents of city apartments should find out the cause of the problem.Gentle pressure may be due to blockage of the pipeline small objects or lime deposits.As a result, the pipe diameter is reduced, and the water is supplied in a smaller volume.Will solve this problem only to the complete replacement of pipes.
If the cause of low pressure lies elsewhere, stabilize the water supply in the following ways:
- installing circulation pump that increases the pressure by sucking more water out of the pipes;
- installation of a pumping station with accumulator;
- autonomous water supply network.
Choosing the right option depends on several factors:
- water supply is regular, but the pressure is not sufficient for normal life and work of household appliances - the pressure will strengthen the circulation pump;
- water does not reach the upper floors of the house - suitable pumping station.
Classification of circulators
There are several modes of pumps:
- Hand - work equipment is carried out in a continuous mode.However, in order to avoid overheating or failure of the pump should be time off.
- automatic - equipped with a flow sensor.If you turn off the water pump is activated automatically, making it more economical and durable.
As the functionality of the pumps are divided into classes:
- universal - installation is possible for the hot and cold water;
- only for cold or hot water.
advantages of pumping equipment are low cost and compact size.However, it is worth remembering that pumps increase the pressure by 30%.Their installation is justified, if the water pressure, the rules of which constitute not less than 1.5 atmospheres, equivalent to all the water intake points.
priming pump stations
Water pressure can be increased by installing a pumping station.As a rule, it consists of the following elements:
- centrifugal pump to increase water pressure;
- accumulator 1-3 cubic meters;
- pressure switch - controls the entire system.
Under normal water supply device will not be activated.If the water pressure, the rules are very different from the established, the pump will automatically turn on.Typically, the accumulator is filled during the night, at a higher pressure in the system.The greater the capacity for accumulation of fluid, the less likely the unit will be turned on and the longer its lifetime.This system maintains the pressure level of 3-4 atmosphere.
Before installing the pump station should be remembered that this equipment requires a large installation space.Buck regular cleaning (at least 1 time for 2 days).Mount the accumulator can be on the roof, in the basement or in the ground.
Features decentralized water pipes
Specifics of autonomous water supply systems is the need to lift water from wells or dug wells, as well as providing good pressure all water intake points at home and remote locations in the garden.The work of decentralized water supply depends not only on the water pressure, but also on the flow rate.
Efficiency pumping equipment should be possible to meet the planned volume of water consumption and discharge silo well.To calculate the performance is better to take water consumption in the summer, when they reach the maximum value.
