Today, China is the most populous country in the world.Proof of this is the data independent of demographic statistics.According to studies, one in five people in the world - Chinese.It would seem that demographics in this country must not stand.But in practice it is not.The government should address the issues of social security of its citizens, and taking into account their number, make it not so easy.In this regard, China is seriously engaged in family planning.
numerical characteristics of China
Everyone knows that the Chinese - is the largest nation in the world.However, exact figures are difficult enough.Official data for China's claim that China's population is more than half a billion citizens.But is it really no one can say, as a complete census of the population here has never been evaluated.
Initially, it was decided to carry out this process for each court.In the past, people believed upon absorption of salt per household, or in view of postal money orders.Since that time, China's population policy has changed.About what it led, and continue to learn.
After the fall of the Empire the population corresponded only four times:
- in 1953, China's population was 588 million people .;
- in 1964 - 705 million people .;
- in 1982 - one billion people;
- in 1990 - 1.13 billion people.
distinctive features of China
in China inhabited by no means all the territory.Due to a variety of climatic zones, multi-faceted nature of the Chinese were overcrowded and desert areas.
Most people settled in the plains, near the sea.The population prefers to have continuous access to water, and therefore, settle in those places where there are streams or rivers.China's economy is still heavily dependent on agriculture.Therefore, the government continues to promote the creation of farms and community fields.And this is only possible on fertile soils.
main occupations of the peasants began fishing and rice cultivation.Both business require active interaction with water.So the main rivers of the delta of the Yangtze and Zhujiang even overcrowded.South China Great Plain and Sichuan Basin were also the locations of big cities.The number of Chinese in these areas more than a billion people.
But where lie the mountains, very rare towns and villages.Most land in the highlands withdrawn for growing plants, suitable for the terrain itself.
Gender composition
Republic of China for a long time the policy is having only one child in the family.Preference was given to the boys.In order to reduce the birth rate, a family in which there were more children than allowed, fined, that the law of China.
With regard to sex ratio, now 51.6% of the population are men.And this figure is increasing year by year.But China's population policy was not always so harsh.
economic rationale
Republic of China is considered one of the most rapidly developing countries.It is characterized by the formation processes of the economy, policy change and the transition to high-tech manufacturing processes.The main objective in such a situation, under the decision of the authorities is to limit fertility.What is the reason?The answer is simple: China's economy is simply unable to feed so many people.
That is why since the mid-sixties of the last century, China's population growth is limited by the bans on the number of children in one family.
Initially, it was possible to have three siblings.But over time, the law restricted the right to two.A little later, it has become urgent family with one child.
Advertising demographic purposes
On the streets of China can be seen advertising signs such as "One child - a concern for the future" or "gives birth to one" and the like.
Government to reflect on how to actively implement the program for planning the future of the family.Chinese serve as an example that people who have only one child, can afford to provide him with a decent future, putting his shoe, and give him what he deserves.
positive impact such agitation in the cities with a large number of residents.Couples trying to limit their number of children.Authorities encourage law-abiding citizens.
Those who have only one baby, given certain privileges.So, they can get a house in the first place, to arrange child in kindergarten for free, to give him an education at the best universities.Children from rural areas are given large parcels of land.
This demographic policy of China has brought positive results.Population growth was stopped.However, this factor contributed and hunger.
first reforms that Mao Zedong had caused an unprecedented economic downturn, and as a result of over three years, from 1959 to 1961, according to various estimates killed about 16 million people.
Large families
decrease in population during the time of the great Chinese famine came to fruition.Now, China's population policy is aimed only at what to avoid natural population growth.The Republic of China a couple that has had two children, should refuse to receive awards for one child, and reimburse the state paid to them earlier.Also, the family will be penalized further.Since they require an amount which, depending on the salary and accommodation ranges from a few hundred up to a couple of thousand yuan.
Late wedding
The authorities believe that is the most deliberate marriage, which is adulthood.The PRC has been raising the bar of time permitted marriage.For example, girls can tie the knot Hymen only twenty years.Guys are allowed to marry only after reaching 22 years of age.
However, those young people who are still studying in high school, can not marry.Rector often excludes such students for such a rash act.But in spite of this, in recent years, boys and girls are more likely to think about the wedding was at a young age.The ancient custom is becoming popular again.Characteristics of China would be incomplete if we did not stop at this point in more detail.
Features marriage traditions
traditions continue to play an important role in the life of this nation.Despite the best efforts of modern politicians to make the state updated, in some villages and settlements are kept even medieval rites.
Even in the capital of China, Beijing, until recently negotiated the marriage of the bride and groom's parents.It was a mother and a father for his child chose the right partner for life.Reject the council agreed to older relatives and reject the candidate meant the whole family.
But lately, things began to change.Girls and boys do prefer to look for a mate.Moreover, representatives of the fair sex often take the lead in this process.
With regard to divorce, the statistics in China on them is small.In Western countries, dissolve the marriage is ten times more often.However, in China, and we think about the problem with the increased number of divorces.
Chinese territory is quite extensive.It is home to many different ethnic groups.For them, there are very different rules.They can start as many children.They are not covered benefits.Furthermore, because the territory of China is extensive enough, many indigenous people tend to move out of the major cities in the quieter and less populated regions.So here it pronounced migration within the country.
problems of society.Demographic Policy in China briefly
due course to reduce the population of Chinese in the modern world began to suffer from the problems caused by this policy.Thus, the population does not have a proper balance between the generations are born and die.As a result, the People's Republic of China in the number of pensioners is much higher than the number of young people.
In 2000, according to official estimates of social institutions was found that on average, the country's inhabitants live 71 years.Over ninety million Chinese people have already reached the age threshold of 65 years.Their country 7%.
Now the state is trying to pay attention to all the citizens of the fact that the problem of the older generation is increasing.It exists, and no one has been able to solve it.Very soon, the country's loss of pension payments, material content, issuing free medicine old people will exceed the earnings of those young Chinese who go unpaid.
On the other hand, China's policy aims to ensure that in the next 20 years, managed to further reduce the population.Experts estimate that China will soon overtake the others on all social indicators.
problem children
However, the majority believes that China's future was threatened.In place of combat, open to any task in children from large families came pampered loners who can not cope even with basic tasks.
raised by parents only favorite, the Chinese continue to enjoy the care of seniors at the most insignificant matters.Some of them are too strong egoism, to do the right thing, to go to any sacrifice for the good of the nation and think about someone other than yourself.Traditions that have been taught how to educate a child in China has not yet been worked out.
press is full of headlines about how children venture too selfish actions, which usually can shock people from other countries.Mothers and fathers spoil their children, helping to brush your teeth, tie his shoes, take a shower to ten years.As a result, they can not even get dressed without help.
Parents are giperzabotlivymi.They plan all your child's life.Often, without asking the opinions son or daughter, they learn to give to those specialties that are highly valued in China.It does not take into account the level of ability of the future of the student, his hobbies, addiction to the subject.
Parents try to make a child's life.According to traditional Chinese families, the boy brings happiness into the house, and with the birth of a girl it ends.Men usually can stay with their parents, while the woman went to her husband's home.The rural family is also trying to give birth to a boy that he would help in the field.
All this makes politicians think seriously.The territory of China is not fully mastered.There is a need to inhabit desert regions.It is possible that in the near future, this fact would be the reason for a local change of the demographic policy.
realities of modern
peculiar demographic policy of China, and certain foundations and prejudices in society lead to the fact that young women get rid of pregnancy if the ultrasound shows that you may receive a girl.Often, near the hospital, in garbage cans on the street, buried in the ground, found the body of newborn babies.
State prohibits the killing of children.However, it also imposes a penalty for a second child.In this light, it becomes quite understandable why the Chinese women dare to such horrors.
Such features allow Chinese scientists to assert that if by 2050 will not increase the number of children born, the bulk of the population will be retired at the age of fifty to ninety years.
