One of the most important factors in maintaining economic stability in the country is to ensure the efficient management of the financial system.Based on this thesis it implies that the financial management and financial policies are one of the functions of the state in the economic sphere.
management in general terms - a systematic process of targeting the control of the subject (in this case the state) to an object (financial system) in order to maintain it in the desired preset mode of operation or transfer to another mode of operation.In a broader sense, as objects of control can be considered the totality of financial relations in the state, which is determined by the political and state system, the type of economic system and the nature of the impact on the financial system of the state institutions themselves.
As in any country, the financial management in the Russian Federation involves the creation of the necessary infrastructure, configuration and composition of which are determined by the heads (for each of the levels of government - federal, regional, corporate, etc.) corresponding to the subject of management.
At the level of individual enterprises, a special unit of financial management, which is composed of representatives of the Directorate of Accounting and Management Service.At the state level the institute of financial management system, which includes special controls, rules, laws and regulations of the system, financial relations, as well as specified types of law and governance.
In accordance with international practice financial management in Russia has two types: control methods direct impact on fiscal policy and financial ratios and methods of indirect influence.
Among the methods of indirect effects should be included:
- anti-monopoly policy and antitrust law;
- the formation of a normal competitive environment in the markets of the country;
- application of the methods of state regulation of business activities of state monopolist, especially in the area of pricing;
- ensure guaranteed protection of business entities in the field of settlement and payment transactions;
- implementation of a balanced and predictable customs policy;
- facilitating the development of markets, especially the financial and capital markets.
direct financial management in the Russian Federation is carried out by:
- licensing of certain types of commercial and financial activities;
- utilization of state monopolies;
- social policy;
- distribution of benefits and preferences between different categories of taxpayers;
- sanctioning violations in the field of financial relationships.
as the main tool for managing the finances of the state are used:
- planning - activity to assess the current state of the financial system and to determine the prospects of its development.
- Control, which involves familiarization with the results of the financial activities of economic entities, comparing this information with actual data and the definition of measures to improve financial performance.
- Operational management, which is carried out for the current timely impact on the financial performance, and take urgent decisions on the correct functioning.
- Dataware acting analytical and communicative resource through which the synthesis of planning, control and organization in a single system process.
goal pursued by financial management in Russia is, first of all, to provide the necessary balance of interests of the state and citizens in the area of financial and economic relations, the creation of a balanced state budget and maintaining the stability of the currency market in the country and the national currency.
All these provisions constitute the control system, which is implemented in practice by means of strategic management and operational management.The first of these types, is to determine the financial resources of the state and the preparation of long-term programs to use them.Legally it determined that strategic management is carried out by the Parliament, the presidential administration and the Ministry of Finance.The operational management is carried out by specific bodies of the financial infrastructure.
