stop bleeding - this is primarily spoken at training instructors provide first aid for injuries and accidents.What types are bleeding and first aid for them - that is what will be discussed below.
Types bleeding
First, consider what the bleeding and what is dangerous.In medicine have identified a number of classifications.At the same time familiar to all bleeding from the injured arm or leg - just a special case.
Types of bleeding.First aid for bleeding depends on the fact that for a vessel is damaged, where and how the bleeding intensity.
Separation post leaking blood:
- outside;
- interior.
Separation by type of damaged vessels:
- venous;
- blood;
- capillary;
- parenchymal;
- mixed.
By the nature of the process that caused the bleeding:
- traumatic;
- pathological.
severity:
- easy - to 500 ml;
- average - up to 1 liter;
- heavy - up to 1.5 liters;
- massive - up to 2.5 liters;
- deadly - to 3 liters (representing 50-60% of the total blood volume);
- absolutely deadly: from 3 to 3.5 liters (total 60%).
dangerous for young children is considered about 250 ml of blood loss.
Common symptoms bleeding
In the case of loss of blood appear common features:
- weak pulse;
- palpitations;
- dizziness;
- decrease in blood pressure;
- fainting.
In severe cases, develops hypovolemic shock caused by a decrease in the amount of blood in the bloodstream, and insufficient blood supply to the vital organs of oxygen.
methods to assist in the external bleeding
When providing first aid to apply so-called temporary methods of stopping.Depending on what kind of bleeding, first aid for bleeding may include the following methods.
- tourniquet.Use a rubber band.It is applied in case of damage arteries of the extremities, or extensive bleeding does not stop other methods.The first round impose tight, a few centimeters above the bleeding.Under tourniquet enclose the cloth so as not to injure the limb.Following the windings do with minimal tension, fix the wiring, leaving it in a prominent place.Apply a note indicating the time - you can not pinch an artery more than 2 hours.
- Before applying harness or if the damage is in a relatively inaccessible place, the artery was occluded, pressing your thumb or fist to the bony prominence above the injury.
- maximum bending limb occluded vessel.In the place of the bend lay a fabric cushion, a bandage or a small cylindrical object for better compression.
- damage to the fabric of the place is applied through the ice to cause constriction of blood vessels.
- tampon and compressive bandage applied in minor bleeding.The tampon is wetted if necessary with cold water, a solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide or use hemostatic sponge.When a new blood soaking the dressing is applied over the old one.
If there are serious types of bleeding, first aid should be provided as quickly as possible.Sometimes, the account goes on a minute.How to understand how dangerous the situation is?For this it is necessary to distinguish one type from another bleeding.
Blood
damage arteries causing hazardous bleeding.First aid for bleeding from a major vessel is pressed against the artery finger flexion or limb tourniquet.If the measures of assistance are made correctly, the bleeding stops immediately when tourniquet limb below the pale, becomes cold.
In case of damage to the artery from bleeding death can occur within 10 - 15 minutes.In case of damage of the carotid and femoral artery is now declining.How to distinguish arterial bleeding?Blood bright scarlet, follows strong pulsating stream.
Venous
Venous bleeding: first aid, types and characteristics different from the ways to stop arterial next.
- blood have dark cherry hue, it follows a continuous stream or oozing.
- With extensive injuries and massive bleeding impose a plait, in other cases it is sufficient to bend the limb or to impose a pressure bandage.
Capillary Capillary bleeding, first aid for bleeding, types of first aid pohozhina those venous.
- blood oozing from the wound, neutral color red.
- Stop mode - compressive bandage, cold, tamponade.
Dangerous damage such vessels only if internal bleeding and poor blood clotting.
Nosebleed
There is such a pathology in various systemic diseases, trauma, fever, sunstroke, overvoltage, circulatory disorders, diseases and defects of the nasal cavity.Perhaps when anxiety and stress.Often it occurs in young children and adolescents during the hormonal changes of the body.
If someone nosebleeds, first aid for bleeding, types and ways to stop following.
- only breathe through the mouth.
- Do not swallow the blood.
- Pinch the nostrils for 5-10 minutes.
- Put a cold compress on the nose, back of the head.
- Gently poke in the nose cotton wool soaked in a solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide.
When applying cold compresses, tampons keep your head in a slightly upturned state.In other cases, slightly tilted, so that the blood flowed from his nose, and did not get into the throat.
If the bleeding does not stop within 15 minutes, call an ambulance.
Internal bleeding
Types of bleeding, first aid for bleeding in the internal cavity of the body, their symptoms.
- blood enters the lungs - causing pulmonary edema, coughing up blood.When bleeding into the pleural cavity - shortness of breath due to the compression of the lung.The victim give semi-sitting position, legs folded under her knees enclose roller.
- When blood flow to the abdominal cavity there are common signs of bleeding, abdominal pain.The position of the victim - lying on his back, half-bent legs.
- In both cases, the location of intended bleeding put ice, provide enough fresh air.Remain still affected.
- leakage of blood into the muscles blistering and bruising.
All cases of internal bleeding require immediate hospitalization.
uterine bleeding
Different types of bleeding and first aid in disorders of the reproductive system of the female body require skilled care.The uterus is richly supplied with blood vessels and stop the bleeding is not so simple.This requires the introduction of medicaments, often surgical intervention.
Uterine bleeding are possible with inflammatory and degenerative processes in the uterus, hormonal disorders, pregnancy.
measures to provide first aid:
- Take the prone position, legs lifted, tucked under their pillow.
- on the abdomen to put an ice pack or a bottle of cold water through the fabric.Ice keep for 10-15 minutes, then take a break for five minutes.Total to keep cold about 1-2 hours.
- to replenish blood loss is recommended to drink plenty.
in field conditions is very important first aid for bleeding.Emergency medicine means providing competent assistance in circumstances where it is impossible to quickly seek medical attention.When planning a hiking, various sports, hunting, fishing should be available in an accessible minimum set of medicines - first-aid kit.To stop the bleeding needs a tourniquet, bandages, disinfectants.Three-percent hydrogen peroxide solution not only cleans the wound, but also contribute to stop bleeding.To compress the vessels of the extremities can use the means at hand: net c / b cloth, handkerchiefs, scarves, belt, clothing.Instead, the harness can impose a twist, using a strip of cloth and a stick.
In any case, in the event of bleeding should determine its type and degree of hazard, where appropriate vessel finger pinch and prepare the means to stop the bleeding.For serious injuries the victim to bring to the clinic and then to the hospital.Counting on quality medical care, you must have sufficient knowledge to, if necessary, help yourself and your loved ones.Indeed, in some cases, the ambulance can arrive in just a few hours, and sometimes you have to take the victim to the nearest town on their own.
