credit system consists of a set of financial institutions.These institutions carry the accumulation and mobilization of income, and they operate in the market of loan capital.Major institutional links modern credit system:
- different types of banks: commercial banks, mortgage banks, savings banks and, of course, the Central Bank;
- insurance companies and pension funds;
- non-bank credit institutions.
banking system - is the largest in size and significance of the credit system.Russia's banking system has several basic characteristics, such as: the majority of banks are concentrated in the central part;the bulk of the bank consists of small and medium-sized;The predominant form of ownership: joint stock, shares mixed.Almost all banks in Russia are universal, a network of specialized banks such as mortgage, is not developed.
Russia's banking system loans to the economy of the country through the population, the government and entrepreneurs."Bank of banks" from 1860 is the State Bank of Russia, and in 1990 the Central Bank.Prior to banking reform in 1987 - it was the only bank-monopoly in charge of all credit, emission, payroll and cash transactions.Currently, its activities are regulated by the Constitution and federal laws, and the share capital and assets are the property of the federation.At the same time, the Central Bank is not liable for obligations of the state and vice versa, in his career, he is subject not to the Government of the Russian Federation and the State Duma.It appoints the members of the State Duma of the Board of Directors and Chairman of the Board by the President, determines the shape of the audit of the bank, hears reports of the Chairman and the annual report, etc.
modern Russian banking system - a system in transition, it is a simplified model of the market and consists of two components.
two-tier banking system in Russia is a slice of Central Bank of Russia institutions and commercial banks cut business.The central bank is "responsible" for the release of the money, the stability of the Russian currency, oversees the activities of commercial banks.Commercial banks, in turn, are responsible for the maintenance of the population, entrepreneurs and customers, providing them with a variety of banking services and products.
commercial banks in Russia (like the formation of the authorized capital) divided into share and equity, in other words, to a limited liability company and joint-stock companies.By type of services offered and committed banks can be specialized and universal.Universal banks are licensed to perform almost all operations and transactions, specialized - have certain limitations.Depending on the size of the authorized capital of the transactions and services offered by commercial banks are divided into large, medium and small.There are also banks, limited geographically, and banks which operate in the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
Russian banking system also includes the institute of authorized bank.It's such a credit institution which under the contract shall be permitted to make certain financial and credit transactions on behalf of the government or local authorities.
Russian banking system also consists of non-bank credit organizations, which represent a variety of credit unions, investment and pension funds, pawnshops, brokerage firm, dealer firms, leasing and insurance companies, etc..
