Today, the media are increasingly hear the opinion that the GDP - a measure which is, in fact, does not mean anything.How is this so?After all, the country is required to count it?Is GDP growth does not automatically mean improving the welfare of the nation?In order to understand this question, let's learn how to calculate this figure.
To begin with it should be mentioned that the GDP - is total value of all goods and services provided by residents and nonresidents of the country on its territory for a certain period of time (usually a year).In order to take account of inflation, economists can be considered as the final price in real terms, and in the base.There are a few basic methods of calculating this indicator.
manufacturing method of calculating GDP - is actually assessment of the macroeconomic indicators with the help of accounting for all products in the broadest sense of the word, but without double counting.Note that we are talking exclusively about the final goods and services.But can not the same each time the researchers delve into the question of how to use the products sold?Thus was invented figure, known as value added.It represents the difference between the market price of the product and the cost of materials that have been spent by the company for its production.GDP - this is the sum of value added, which were produced in the country for a certain period.
Another method - the method of calculation of this indicator for the costs (downstream benefits), he suggests the sum of costs of various entities for the purchase of the final product they need.In this case, the GDP - is the result of adding consumer incomes, gross private investment in the economy, the volume of government purchases of goods and services, and net exports.
also possible to calculate the rate of income.This method is called distribution.In this case, the GDP of Russia or any other country - is the sum of wages, interest, profits and rents, ie, factor income, all economic entities that operate in the territory of the country.It is important to understand that take into account the income of both residents of the country and non-residents.Direct and indirect taxes and depreciation also be included in the calculation of this indicator, because the cost of some economic entities - is other income.
Besides GDP, macroeconomic analysis involves determining the gross national product (GNP).This figure differs from GDP in that it takes into account only the products and services produced by residents of this country on its territory and beyond.For its calculation using similar methods.GDP - is GDP plus factor income is the difference between residents abroad and non-residents carrying out their activities in the country.It is also commonly defined by economists potential GDP, which assumes the full use of all available state resources, including employment and stable prices.It is important just to analyze the problem of inflation, and this phase of the economic cycle.
