It is difficult to decide how to act in morally ambiguous situations.Especially for these cases in some universities in the program there is the subject of "deontology".It is a science that studies the area of debt and the moral correctness of the behavior in different situations.Many solutions have been invented long before us, but we must remember that the responsibility still lies with us, not on abstract rules.
Dogma is religion
Basics areas of research were laid Immaunilom Kant.According to his theory, man is obliged to follow the moral standards, regardless of the unusual situation in which he found himself.The moral flexibility, according to Kant, is unacceptable.Even if you follow the ethical canons lead to tragic consequences, people still have to adhere to moral rules.Deontology - is the opposite of other ethical approach called konsekventalizmom.This means that morality is determined by the result.That is not always true: it is another name for the principle, known as "the end justifies the means."
Areas of special closeness of people
The deontological value system of a person's character is evaluated primarily from the perspective of how it should be his duty.On the basis of the general theory of rules have been developed for certain areas of human activity: medicine, social work, law practice.All of these different spheres of severe ethical problematic, as an expert in them take responsibility for another person on himself.One of the unwritten, but abide by the rules, for example, medical ethics, is the principle of shared responsibility - to make important decisions going consultation.
right egoist
Within the overall discipline there are different currents and different exercises.For example, it stands for, called agent-centered deontology, - an approach that says that a person has a moral right to put their commitments beyond other people's problems.For example, the interests of the child are considered more important than the interests of any other person.Opponents accuse the supporters of this doctrine agent-centered approach indulging in selfishness.
Careful care
patient-centered approach applies not only to medicine.This trend supports the deontology of social work.In practice, this means that the person is looked after, can not be used for the benefit of another person.
example, if you take care of the two pensioners living together can not be part of a provision for one person to spend money on another, even if one of them needs more.However, in social work deontology - the direction is debatable.
Rescuing illegally
also have to make responsible decisions specialists in the sphere of law.Legal deontology states that a lawyer from the moral point of view are not allowed to lie against the defendant, even to save the life of this man.
boundaries and compromises
There is also a so-called "threshold deontology."This doctrine that under certain conditions, moral norms can and must be broken.Of course, this approach is a lot of heated debate.For example, if one person attempting to save a large number of people?Or vice versa: is it possible to execute a murderer, because his life was threatened by a variety of other people?Critics of the approach argue that the question of the threshold of morality devalues the very direction called "deontology".This forces us to recognize that it is impossible to transfer the responsibility from themselves to moral norms.So the decision should always take a man of action.
