banking system - is included in the country's economy the collection of all credit institutions, each of which is assigned its own special function.They spend their list of operations to meet society's need for banking services and products.The structure of the banking system is reduced to the distribution of all banking institutions in the hierarchy depending on their functions.
Russian banking system still has a lot of contradictions.Banks engaged in various kinds of operations.Their functions include not only the organization of money circulation and the establishment of credit relations.They finance the national economy, the operation for the sale of securities, organize insurance operations, carried out intermediary transactions, manage the property, etc.
concept and structure of the banking system begins with the definition of the term "bank".
Bank - an independent business enterprise.Its main product is the formation and management of means of payment or a lot of money, as well as the provision of services in the form of guarantees, loans, advice, guarantees, etc. Banks sell money and analyze the market.They are very close to the business and its needs.Therefore, banks are a key element of economic regulation.
Today the bank is defined as a financial enterprise, to focus available funds in the form of deposits, providing them for use in the form of loans, acts as an intermediary in payments between economic entities and individuals, governing the handling of money and to issue the missing funds.
banking system , therefore, is a combination of different types of national banks, as well as all credit institutions.It includes elements such as the Central Bank, the banks of a commercial nature and other credit and settlement centers.This is the structure of the banking system.
Central Bank conducts emission policies and implements foreign exchange regulation, controls the economy and, in fact, is the main core of Reserve economy.Commercial banks carry out various types of bank services and operations.
The main function of the banking system is reduced to the movement of mediation loans and funds from sellers to buyers and from lenders to borrowers.
role of the banking system in Russia is great, with the help of regulated cash settlements, mediation takes place all cash flows.
structure of the banking system is reduced to the distribution of banking and credit institutions in hierarchical order.Like all other sectors of the economy, the banking system needs a hierarchical structure of its components.It stands out the central link and grassroots functional organs.
structure of the Russian banking system s characterized by a two-tier.
At the highest level of the hierarchy is Central Bank .Its function is to organize the circulation of money and non-cash payments, management of foreign exchange reserves, credit and settlement services of the government, monetary authorities, implementation of the policy of the Central Bank among the institutions of the sector.Divisions of the Central Bank are the Central Office, the central institution of the sector, the regional offices of the Central Bank.
at the grassroots level of the banking hierarchy are commercial and specialized banks .Their functions include credit and settlement services to clients in the form of complex, specialized in certain types of services.
structure of the banking system also has a division by sector.To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the regulatory activities of the Central Bank's banking system is divided into sectors, which include the functions similar institutions.For example, consumer credit, banks, land banks, leasing sector and other institutions.The main objective of this division is to establish the regulatory procedures, depending on the features of operations of institutions of a particular sector.
