Sunset Queen Victoria's reign is characterized by stability and solvency - qualities that are particularly appreciated in a country like Britain.
end of the Victorian era.Summary
political and social life in England during the second half of the XIX century is called the Victorian era.By the end of the century Great Britain became the most important player on the world political arena.This period is characterized by the strengthening of the position of the country, maintaining the status of an imperial monarchy and the growing financial clout that other States to provide the United Kingdom.
End Victorian
The table below shows the general rise of the economy, among other world powers.
| Coal production (million tonnes) | ||||
| Years | England | France | Germany | US |
| 1871 |
117 | 13,3 | 37,9 | 41,9 |
| 1900 | 225 | 33,4 | 149,8 | 240,8 |
| 1913 | 287 | 40,8 | 277,3 | 508,9 |
| Pig iron production (million tonnes) | ||||
| Years | England | France | Germany | US |
| 1871 | 6,6 | 09 | 1,56 | 1,7 |
| 1900 | 9 | 2,7 | 8.5 | 13,8 |
| 1913 | 10,3 | 5,2 | 19,3 | 31 |
| Steel production (million tonnes) | ||||
| Years | England | France | Germany | US |
| 1871 | 0,3 | 0,08 | 0,25 | 0,07 |
| 1900 | 4,9 | 1,59 | 6,6 | 10,02 |
| 1913 |
7,7 | 4,09 | 18,3 | 31 |
pace of development of the UK economy by the end of the XIX century have declined slightly.This is primarily due to the fact that, the process of concentration of banks.Money has become the world capital of the United Kingdom.The end of the Victorian era was marked by the formation of the "Big Five" London banks.The powers of the head of the entire banking system of the country moved to the London bank.Pound sterling was the main settlement currency in international transactions.
On the world map there was not a civilized city, in which there would be no British bank branch.In total the British lending institutions by 1913 there were over 2,280 offices worldwide.In addition, the leading British businessmen began to pay attention to other countries: steel mills in Russia and Belgium, France and Spain factory, oil refining enterprises in the Netherlands.But the greatest benefit brought in exports of non-European countries.South America and the British colonies became the priority areas of investing, which are located the UK.
end of the Victorian era did not stop the economic growth, but only slowed it down.Active withdrawal caused a decrease in the capitalization of businesses located in the country.However, the answer to the question of what a European state and in what period of time had the highest rates of economic development, this is the United Kingdom, the end of the Victorian era.
Grade 8 secondary school already has an idea of the political parties as forces influencing the internal politics of the country.
Political structure
In the UK domestic politics in the late 19th century formed the two political parties (liberals and conservatives).Conservatives expressed the interests of large landowners, their leader was B. Disraeli.Liberals expressed the interests of the middle class, which is represented by W. Gladstone.
Both parties insisted on holding a series of reform and change of the electoral system in the country.At the end of the 60s.Disraeli realized parliamentary reform, significantly increase the number of possible voters, whose country was the United Kingdom.The end of the Victorian era in the life of the party describes Gladstone, who spent a number of social laws to improve the lives of the poorest.So, it was permitted strikes and workers' strikes, abolished child labor under the age of 10 years, allowed trade unions and cooperatives, limited time.
Irish question
At the end of the 19th century aggravated "the Irish question."Over 400 years of being ruled by the British did not break the commitment of the Irish independence.The mass movement of Irish people for making land reform and the establishment of self-government (Home Rule) led by Charles Parnell.He tried all possible methods to draw attention to the problems of Ireland.In parliament the law on home rule did not pass, but the Irish have continued to assert their rights, and the British, in the end, had to give.
Foreign Policy
«splendid isolation" - a term that was first introduced UK.The end of the Victorian era in the country is characterized by imperial sentiments.Huge colonies and political ambitions have led the country to the "splendid isolation" in which she had no allies, guided only by their own interests.The colonial expansion reached the greatest magnitude, the total area of the empire more than 33 million square feet.km.
interests of Great Britain in the development of new diamond deposits and the development of gold mines led to the Boer War, which ended in 1901, the defeat of the Boers and the creation of the Dominions - pseudo-independent state within the British Empire.
