January 27, the day of the siege of Leningrad, is special in the history of our country.Today, this date marked as the Day of Military Glory.The city of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) received May 1, 1945 the title of the Hero City.May 8, 1965 the northern capital was awarded the medal "Gold Star" and the Order of Lenin.Medal of Leningrad also received 1.496 million inhabitants of this city.
"Leningrad under siege" - a project dedicated to the events of that time
memory of these heroic events the country has retained to this day.January 27 (the day of the siege of Leningrad) in 2014 - this is the seventy-year anniversary of liberation of the city.Archival committee of St. Petersburg presented the project called "Leningrad under siege."On the Internet portal "Archives of St. Petersburg" was created virtual exhibition of various archival documents relating to the history of the city during the siege.It has been published about 300 historical originals of the time.These documents are combined into ten different sections, each of which is attached expert comments.They all represent different aspects of the life of Leningrad during the blockade.
Recreating position wartime
Today is not easy to imagine the young St Petersburg that magnificent city-museum in which they are resident, was sentenced to total destruction by the Germans in 1941.However, he did not surrender when he was surrounded by the Finnish and German divisions, and managed to win, even though he was seemingly doomed to death.To the present generation of inhabitants of the city had no idea what went through their great-grandfathers and grandfathers in those years (which survived residents of besieged Leningrad remembered as the worst time), one of the modern streets of the city, Italian and Manezhnayathe area had been "returned" to the 70-year anniversary in the winter of 1941-1944.This project was named "Street Life."
In the aforementioned areas of St. Petersburg are various cultural institutions, as well as theaters, that even in those difficult years, the blockade did not stop their activities.It crosses sealed windows of the houses, as at that time in Leningrad was done with the purpose of protection against air raids, reconstructed the barricade of sandbags on the bridge, brought in anti-aircraft guns, military trucks to complete the playback position at the time.So it was awarded seventy-year anniversary of the siege of Leningrad.According to estimates by shells during the events of those years it was destroyed about 3000 houses, but much damage was more than 7 thousand.The residents of besieged Leningrad for protection against shelling erected various fortifications.They built about 4 thousand bunkers and pillboxes, equipped with about 22 thousands of different emplacements in buildings and erected in the streets of the city 35 kilometers of anti-tank obstacles and barricades.
Siege of Leningrad: the major events and figures
which began in 1941, September 8, the defense of the city lasted 900 days and ended in 1944.January 27 - the day of the siege of Leningrad.All these years, the only way in which the besieged town brought the necessary products, as well as export the seriously wounded and the children was held in the winter on the ice of Lake Ladoga.It was a way of life the siege of Leningrad.On it we will tell you more in our article.
break the blockade was January 18, 1943, and completely cleared of Leningrad January 27.And it happened only in the following year - in 1944.Thus, the residents had to wait a long time before finally had to lift the blockade of Leningrad.Were killed during this period, according to various estimates, from 400 thousand. 1.5 million inhabitants.It appeared at the Nuremberg trials following number - 632 thousand dead.Only 3% of them - from shelling and bombing.The rest of the inhabitants died of starvation.
Home events
military historians today believe that no city in the world in the history of warfare is not given so many lives for the victory, while as Leningrad.On the day when the Great Patriotic War (1941, June 22), in this city and throughout the region, was immediately placed under martial law.Fascist German aviation on the night of 22 June 23 for the first time tried to make a raid on Leningrad.This attempt ended unsuccessfully.The city was not allowed none of the enemy planes.
The next day, June 24, the Leningrad military district transformed into a northern front.Kronstadt covered the city from the sea.It was one of the bases that were at that time in the Baltic Sea.With the onset of the enemy troops to the region from July 10 began the heroic defense, which can be proud of the history of Leningrad.September 6 dropped the first bombs on the town of fascists, and then he began to systematically subjected to raids from the air.In just three months, from September to November 1941, 251 time air-raid alarm was declared.
Loudspeakers famous metronome
However, more than rose to the city-hero of the threat, the citizens of Leningrad were united against the enemy.To prevent Leningrad committed to air strikes has been found in the streets around 1,500 speakers in the early months.Population advertised on radio air raid.The famous metronome, which went down in history as a cultural monument of the time of resistance, it is broadcast through this network.Quick rhythm it meant that declared the military alert, and slow - a retreat.Michael Melaned, the announcer, announcing the alarm.There was no area in the city to which an enemy shell could not fly.Therefore, we calculated the streets and areas where the risk of exposure was greatest.Here, people have posted signs or paint wrote that this place is the most dangerous in the shelling.
City of Adolf Hitler's plan was to be completely destroyed, and defending his troops - destroyed.The Germans, having failed at several attempts to break through the defense of Leningrad, he decided to starve.
first shelling of the city
Every citizen, including children and the elderly, became the defenders of Leningrad.Created a special army of the national militia, in which thousands of people have rallied in the guerrilla units and fought with the enemy at the front, participated in the construction of defensive lines.The evacuation of the population from the city, as well as cultural values of various museums and industrial equipment in the first months of hostilities.August 20 enemy troops occupied the city of Chudovo, blocking the railway in the direction of Leningrad and Moscow.
failed, however, the division of the army called "North" to break into Leningrad on the move, even though the front approached close to the city.Systematic shelling began September 4.Four days later, the enemy seized the town of Shlisselburg, resulting in discontinued overland from the mainland of Leningrad.
This event marked the beginning of the siege of the city.It turned out to be more than 2.5 million people, including 400,000 children.At the beginning of the blockade of the city did not have the food supplies.They are as of September 12 have been calculated only for 30-35 days (bread), 45 days (cereals) and 60 day (meat).Even with the austerity of coal would last only until November, and fuel oil - until the end of the current.Standards of food, which were introduced by the card system gradually began to decline.
hunger and cold
situation was aggravated by the fact that the winter of 1941 was the earliest in Russia, and in Leningrad - very fierce.Often, the thermometer fell to the level of -32 degrees.Thousands of people died of hunger and cold.The peak of mortality is the time from November 20 to December 25 this complex in 1941.During this period, the soldiers bread rations were reduced significantly - up to 500 grams per day.For those who work in hot shops, they accounted for only 375 grams, and for other workers and engineers - 250. For other segments of the population (children, dependents and employees) - only 125 Gram.Almost no other products.They die of hunger every day more than 4 thousand people.This figure is higher than 100 times the death rate before the war.Predominate while male mortality over female.The fairer sex at the end of the war made the bulk of the inhabitants of Leningrad.
role in Victory Road of Life
Communication from the country is carried out, as already mentioned, Road of Life besieged Leningrad, passing through Lake Ladoga.It was the only highway that existed in the period from September 1941 to March 1943.This is the road passes the evacuation of industrial equipment and the population of Leningrad, the delivery of food to the city, as well as weapons, ammunition, reinforcements and fuel.Total this route to Leningrad delivered more than 1.615 million tons of cargo were evacuated about 1.37 million people.In the first winter of goods it received about 360 thousand tons, and the inhabitants were evacuated to 539.4 thousand.At the bottom of the lake in order to supply oil pipeline was laid.
Protection Road of Life
constantly bombed and shelled Way of Life Hitler's troops in order to paralyze the only path to salvation.To protect it from air strikes, as well as ensuring the smooth operation of attracted funds and air defense forces of the country.In various memorials and monuments commemorated the heroism of the people today, which enables smooth movement on it.Foremost among these is the "Broken Ring" - a composition on Lake Ladoga and ensemble called "Rumbolovskaya Mountain", located in Vsevolozhsk;"Flower of Life" (monument in the village Kovalevo), which is dedicated to children, who lived in Leningrad in those years, as well as installed in the village with the name of Black River Memorial Complex, where the soldiers killed in the Ladoga road rest in a common grave.
lifting of the blockade of Leningrad
Siege of Leningrad was broken for the first time, as we have said, in 1943, on 18 January.It forces carried out the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts, together with the Baltic Fleet.The Germans were pushed back.Operation "Iskra" was held with the general approach of the forces of the Soviet Army, which is widely developed in the winter of 1942-1943, after the enemy's troops were surrounded at Stalingrad.Army "North" acted against the Soviet troops.January 12 launched an offensive troops Volkhov and Leningrad fronts, and six days later they joined.January 18 was liberated Schlisselburg and cleared of the enemy strategically important southern coast of Lake Ladoga.Between him and the front line was formed a corridor whose width was 8-11 km.Through him for 17 days (just think about this time!) Have been laid automobile and railway tracks.Thereafter, supply of the city has improved dramatically.The blockade was completely removed on January 27.Day siege of Leningrad was marked by fireworks that lit up the sky of the city.
siege of Leningrad in the history of humanity became the most brutal.Most of the residents who died at the time, were buried today at Piskarevskoe Memorial Cemetery.The defense lasted, to be precise, 872 days.Leningrad before the war after that no more.The town has changed a lot, it had to rebuild many of the buildings, some - to build anew.
Diary of Tanya Savicheva
the horrible events of those years left a lot of evidence.One of them - the diary of Tanya.Leningradka Tatiana Savicheva beginning of his conduct at the age of 12 years.It was not published, because it consists of only nine records terrible how consistently killed the girl's family members in Leningrad at the time.The most Tanya also failed to survive.This notebook as an argument, accusing fascism, was presented at the Nuremberg trials.
is this document now in the museum of the city-hero, and a copy is kept in a showcase of the memorial of the above Piskaryovsky cemetery where buried 570,000 Leningrad during the siege died of hunger or bombing in the period from 1941 to 1943, as well as in MoscowPoklonnaya Hill.
loses power due to famine hand wrote sparingly irregularly.Struck by the suffering of children's soul was already able to live emotions.Girl only recorded the terrible events of his life - "visits of death" in the house of her family.Tanya wrote that all Savichevs died.However, she did not recognize that the dead are not all that generation continued.He was rescued and taken from the sister Nina.She returned in 1945 in Leningrad, to his home, and found among the plaster fragments and bare walls notebook Thani.Brother Michael also recovered after received a severe wound on the front.Girl found herself serving health teams, which bypasses the city home.She fainted from hunger.Her barely alive, were evacuated to the village shaky.Here, many orphans got stronger, but Tanya was never recovered.Within two years, the doctors fought for her life, but she still died.She died in 1944, on July 1.
