In world history there are many examples of the power in a country captured impostors posing as the real rulers.There were such cases, and in Russia.The first of these occurred in 1605, when the Moscow throne appeared False Dmitry 1. biography of a historical figure contains many contradictory facts.Some historians credit him with royal descent, but most scholars are inclined to believe that the man who declared himself miraculously escaped the youngest son of Ivan IV the Terrible Dimitri - an adventurer, who had a cunning mind and enviable.
Origin and young pretender
Who was actually Lzhedmitry 1?Brief biography of this man does not contain too much information about his life before the accession to the throne.The official history is assumed that Lzhedmitry 1 was born about 1581 in Galich (Kostroma parish).At birth, the impostor was named Yuri (Yushkoy), and his father was a noble Lithuanian family of impoverished Nelidova Bogdan Otrepyev.Arriving in his youth in Moscow, a young man entered the service in one of the orders.After working for some time, Yuri Otrepyev became a monk under the name of Gregory.This happened in 1600.Out in the monastery Juska not of great faith, and in order to avoid punishment, because in the worldly life, he stole, drank and listened to his father.
year after the vows as a monk Grigory managed to settle in the Miracle Monastery in Moscow.Being literate and having calligraphy, the young man got in it the position of the scribe books.This is where the idea had Otrepiev impersonate prematurely deceased heir to the throne Prince Dmitry of Moscow.Gregory was about the same age as the youngest son of John IV, and even had a resemblance to him.
appearances Otrepiev
Feature Falsdmitry 1, left his contemporaries, suggests that he was below average height is unusually wide, with a short neck and arms of different lengths.This man can not be called handsome, his round face "decorated" big warts and large, resembling shoe nose.It was dark and brooding, but has a remarkable physical strength and can easily bend a horseshoe with his bare hands.
life in Poland
How was the fate of the man who came into history as the False Dmitry 1?Brief biography of his shows that in 1602 he was convicted of theft and fled from the monastery.For a while the scammer stayed in Kiev, and then moved to Poland and secretly took the Catholic faith.There he proclaimed himself the rightful heir to the Russian throne, and enlisted the support of King Sigismund III.In gratitude for the fact that he will help him to take over the throne of Moscow, he promised to give 1 Lzhedmitry Rzeczpospolita part of the West Russian lands.Enlist the support of the governors and the impostor Jerzy Mnishek, swearing him to marry his daughter Marina, give Pskov and Novgorod and pay 1 million zlotys.
Russian attack on the city and the seizure of power
Lzhedmitry 1 with the three thousandth Polish army began their march on Russian soil in autumn 1604.Due to the dissatisfaction of the local population domestic politics of Boris Godunov, who was the de facto ruler of the state in frail son of Ivan the Terrible, Otrepiev quite quickly managed to subdue a number of Russian cities and settle in Putivl.It settled here with their government Lzhedmitry 1. Brief biography impostor contains facts proving that the people supported the new governor, believing that before him is really a miracle escaped the son of John IV, and he bring upon their lands in order.
In April 1605 Boris Godunov suddenly died and was proclaimed heir to the throne by his son Fedor.But that could not last long in power: a few weeks later he was overthrown by supporters of the False Dmitry.Officially reign on the throne June 20, 1605, he ordered the killing of an impostor Fyodor and his mother, and his sister Xenia he made his concubine, and then sent her to the convent.
to people finally believe that before him a true heir to the throne, was to arrange a meeting with Maria Naked Adventurer, mother of Dmitry.The woman recognized the challenges facing it in the person of his son.Later, after the death of Otrepiev she renounced his words, is aware that she was forced to tell a lie his supporters.
Feature domestic policy Falsdmitry 1
Once in power, the ruler of the newfound officially banned bribery, ordered the return from exile of people injured in Godunov, conducted a reorganization of the army and the increased salary to everyone who was in the service.Pretender alleviate the plight of the serfs, he freed southern Russia from taxes and selected plots of land from the monasteries.
Falsdmitry 1 Domestic policy was aimed at strengthening the Polish influence in all spheres of public life.He pledged the construction of churches, spread among the common people, foreign fun and organized the Secret Chancellery, which included Poles.When impostor Boyar Duma was renamed the Senate, and near the Kremlin began construction of a wooden palace with secret passages.In foreign policy Lzhedmitry 1 led preparations for war with the Turks, which was interested Sigismund III.
Wedding Otrepiev Marina Mniszek and his murder
Very soon lost the support of the people Lzhedmitry 1. His biography indicates that he's having fun, he loved hunting and beautiful women.Dissatisfaction with Orthodox people has caused the marriage of the ruler of Marina Mniszek spent in the Catholic rite.During the celebrations in Moscow have gathered a lot of Poles who, fairly tipsy, robbed passers-by and broke into the houses of local people.
May 17, 1606, in the midst of the celebration of weddings, striving to seize the throne Prince SHUISKI raised in Moscow uprising, which resulted in 1 False Dmitry and his supporters were killed.People pissed arbitrary imposter long sneered at his body and then burned it, and the ashes after loading a gun, shot her in the direction of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.Thus ignominiously ended his days Lzhedmitry 1. Brief biography of a historical figure is a cautionary tale, tells the story of what happens to impostors.
