All of us go every month to fund their management companies, to pay the bills for water, gas and electricity.Also visit once every six months, and the tax impact for the purpose of the tribute (from about $ 100 and up) state.In our time it is called a "tax."And there is an obligation for so long that it seems unreal to name the exact date of its origin.And no matter how strained their historians, scientists of the head, when the first person in charge is, we do not know.However, you can consider the earlier charges having the first at the beginning and ending times of the kings of Kolchak.
When in history most clearly mentions the gathering with the people?
Especially distinguished in this regard the feudal age.Of course, ordinary people, "pluck" in the past, but it is especially professional began to make at this time.Forced natural or fee to the farmers - is, in other words, labor obligations and dues.In the first case (boon) it was a kind of tax paid by peasants to his master.It means difficulty.Heavy, long and unpaid.In the second case (rents) is much easier - the harvest are paid, proceeds from him, the products derived from it.But there is one "but" - all these have to give your landlord.Impose the question of yourself, then what to eat and what to live.On his way, historians too difficult to answer.And it's no joke.
obrok
therefore, forced cash or collected from the peasants had the first stage of its development during the feudal lords.It was a dues.It consisted in the payment of money to the landlord for the opportunity to work on his land.The cost is calculated on the basis of the location of the estate from a quarter of a penny per acre or higher.Naturally, not all farmers have the money.Therefore, the "caring" landlords, instead of taking the money and products.They either went to the master's table, or sold in the market, and the resulting revenue was master in his pocket.
Do not forget that the natural or forced collection of money from the peasants levied feudal concerned not only farmers, but also captured during the military campaigns of the people.Thus, their land was appointed feudal lord to whom the tribes living there were to pay tribute for the opportunity to live and work on.
general time lords inconveniencing people and their hosts.A natural or forced collection of money from the peasants that most contributed.
replaced boon comes
however demanding the owners are not always allowed farmers to pay tribute to money and food.Rather, it almost worked.At best, a tribute was paid completely.In the worst - in times of bad harvest - farmers fear their families were taken and fed into hiding.Therefore, the feudal lords had developed a new system.
Thus, natural or forced collection of money from the peasants became a positive and natural.The landlord is no longer required from the peasants money or harvest.The farmer was paying him what free work on the ground of the owner.
This system liking exploiters and lasted until the 19th century.And according to some sources - and until the 20th.
discontent of the peasants and the consequences
But one constant extortion is not limited.The ratio of the peasants in those days was no better than the land itself, they plowed.Giving the land rent, the feudal lords gave with her, and the peasants themselves.In other words, the farmer - is nothing but as a resource item, currency, but not a living soul.On top of that sympathy from the authorities was not.Moreover, the decree of Catherine 2 completely deprived the people of faith in any justice.A decree was the fact that the peasants had no right to complain to their landlords.There was no such estates, where would not occur to a crime against the farmer and his family.And almost every one of these cases go unpunished.
Thus landowners saw themselves as just, generous patrons, and natural or forced collection of money from the peasants - the answer for his kindness.Hardly anyone of the gentlemen ever thought about the reality of the performance of their conditions.Knowing did not consider it necessary to do so closer to the 1970s.
peasants in the Pugachev uprising
situation in the country and it was worse than ever, in view of the changing war with one another.In addition, the yard was "gallant century", which required costly lords on his person.All this further squeezed the neck of the common man.
However, any patience comes to an end.Oppression, abuse, criminal activity and forced natural or fee, is charged with the peasants, the answer is obtained in the form of constant strikes and uprisings.The most famous of them - a large number of farmers contiguity to Pugachev.That rebellious farmers accounted for a large part of his troops, which only contributed to, to grow to such an unprecedented uprising earlier size.
cancellation fees
peasants who could afford to buy his land, was one.The rest had no choice but to work for the landlord, undergoing constant extortion.And how would this have struggled prominent sympathizers, natural or forced collection of money from the peasants ceased to exist only in the late 19th century.
