following describes the terminology for non * nix-compatible systems (DOS, OS / 2, Windows).Family "niksovyh" operating systems and their different methods of storing files and require separate consideration.
File attributes are special tags that allow the file system to identify the actions that are allowed to perform on them.The appearance of such attributes has been caused by the need to increase the resiliency of the file system.Since the information in the file system is stored sequentially, and there should be signs, which can be distinguished from the file directory system folder from the backup.
At the lowest level is realized by special methods (marking) the start and end cluster storage devices.However, access to this address have only low-level programs such as the operating system.For application software added to the labeling of special tags that allow for changing file attributes.
their existing small amount, as they appeared originally in the old operating and file systems, and their support for modern operating systems - the need for interoperability.
File attributes are the following:
- Read only.It means that the file was denied entry, and it is intended to be read.If present OS does not allow file changes.Attribute relevant to store constant data or information with restricted access.
- System.The system file or directory.It serves to increase the degree of protection system information data and equipment.An object with this attribute is much more difficult to change or delete.In some cases, the operating system completely blocks access to such files - they can only take advantage of the operating system kernel.
- Archive.Signals that the changes made in the file.This attribute is critical for backup.With a large amount of redundant information, there is a substantial acceleration of the update files if the copy only changed data - objects that have the file attributes - archive.
- Hidden - a hidden file.Most often used in conjunction with a system attribute.This attribute makes the file invisible when viewing the contents of a directory.
the average user does not use the file properties when working with files.An exception can be considered only a few points:
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If the removable media or hard disk suddenly "disappeared" files and folders.It happens very often when a computer becomes infected with a specific type of viruses that change the file attributes to "system" and "hidden."Do not panic, the problem is solved trivially.Change the file attributes is possible through the dialog box "Properties" of the file or using any program-guide (with the exception of Microsoft Explorer).Also, if you have the opportunity to access the command prompt, you can view and modify the attributes of a file system command ATTRIB.Running it with the "/?"You can see a list of possible actions with files.
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opposite situation - there are a number of files to which access is necessary to limit, prevent the possibility of modification or deletion.Then, change the file attributes will enable to cope with this task.
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Set attribute "archive" can effectively do current backups when multiple users on the same project.System consolidation projects can be configured to provide the latest versions of all user data for remote access.
Now with the advent of modern file systems, increased security requirements and speed of information processing attributes of the file has not claimed.They were replaced by sophisticated add-indexes, caching, and parallelized access.
