In order to understand what the external public debt must first understand what the national debt.Thus, under the public debt refers to the amount of debt on government loans.It arises from the need to attract financial resources and to meet the needs of the population.Public debt has almost all countries of the world.However, it occurs for various reasons.It may be if the country's economic situation is not stable and may appear just like a built-in factor of stabilization and economic development.The appearance of public debt may affect the economic recovery in the country and to solve acute social problems.
existing units on the domestic government debt and external public debt.Thus, the internal public debt - a loan of funds (resources) in the population, banks, corporations, and other institutions of finance.In fact, a loan is made from the nation itself.Along with the positive aspects of occurrence of public debt (domestic) there are also a number of negative.Repayment of the debt at the expense of budget funds (taxpayers).To reduce the state.debt may increase taxes.The yield on the country's loan market makes increasing competition in the money market, interest rates on cash capital increase.This deprives the private sector of the investments and hinders the economic development of the state.
Lenders domestic debt: banks, corporations, population, credit and financial institutions.
External public debt - external loans and other debt obligations to creditors non-residents.It involves the removal and transfer of the product to be produced outside the state.Availability of external public debt - is the norm.However, its increase can be dangerous and lead to the state depending on the lender, undermining the confidence of the population.
In world practice, using the relative parameters of external debt (specific indicators).They include the ratio of debt payments to exports of goods (services).
Lenders external debt are: states, international organizations, financial direction, such as the IMF;The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, etc.
conversion of public debt - a set of financial - legal mechanisms aimed at reducing the country's debt.In the conversion of the external debt is replaced by other types of commitments.Thus, the possibility of repayment of state.debt trademarks supplies, the transfer of debt to another state, set-off of financial requirements, etc.
State debt of the Russian Federation - the assumption of debt to Russian individuals and legal entities, foreign states, international organizations and other international actors.The guarantor of the solvency of the state treasury and is available to all owned property.
Depending on the currency there is a division in the foreign debt of the Russian Federation, as well as the internal public debt of the Russian Federation.
Internal public debt, denominated in rubles.The amount of debt include:
- primary (ie, nominal) amount of debt of the Russian Federation on state securities;
- amount of principal on loans received by Russia;
- the amount of debt (principal) in budget loans (loans) obtained from the Russian budgets of other levels;
- the amount of the obligation to provide Russian government guarantees.
external public debt denominated in foreign currencies.The amount of debt include:
- the amount of the obligation to provide government guarantees Russia ,;
- the amount of debt (principal) received on the Russian foreign government loans, credit organizations, as well as international organizations, companies and financial orientation.
