Where is the source of the river Yenisei.

in the Kara Sea (outskirts of the Arctic Ocean) carries its waters mighty Yenisei.In an official document (the State Register of water bodies) established that the source of the Yenisei River - confluence with Big Small Yenisei.But not all geographers agree on this point.Answering the question "where is the source of the river Yenisei?", They point to other places on the maps, lead other versions for measuring the length of the river and, as a consequence of other hydrological characteristics.

Some characteristics of the Yenisei

on hydrogeological parameters watery Yenisei leader among the five largest rivers in Russia.

Other versions

Some scientists disagree with the official data and taking over the source of the river Yenisei other geographic points, arguing that the source of the river starting from the place where apparently found a steady stream.This can be a spring, a stream flowing out of the swamp, lake or from the glacier.

table are formally adopted by the length of the river.For the Yenisei, the Lena, Ob and Amur their beginning accepted the confluence of major tributaries in the upper reaches.For example, one source Obi geographers believe the Irtysh River.Then we can talk about the length of the Ob River in 5410 km.Taking the source Obi beginning Katun, we get 4338 km.As can be seen, results in either embodiment, be significantly different from the official, depending on the kind of the point taken as zero in the measurement of the length of the river.Similar to the example of measuring the length of the Amur.The National Water Body Register specified length - 2824 km - is defined by the confluence of the Shilka with the Argun, and if the score of kilometers from the source of lead Argun, it turns the length of the Amur River in 4440 km.The true source of the Lena River begins at an altitude of 1680 meters with a mark, and in official documents that point to the vertical mark 1480 m, therefore the length of the Lena area slightly larger than 3448 km.

Assumptions

Calculate according to this principle the length of the watercourse, taking the place of the source of the river Yenisei distance of 605 km, using the reference data on the length of the Great River Yenisei.It is longer than the small (563 km).In total 4092 km will - and the length of the Yenisei "Russian" version.

But there is a "Mongolian" theory, in which the length of the Small Yenisei considering running into a tributary of the upper reaches - 615 km.Then the length of the Yenisei River is 5002 km.

Some geographers offer a third option of counting the length, arguing that the source of the river Yenisei - the Selenga River, originating in the territory of Mongolia and flows into Lake Baikal.Its length - 1024 km, and it is the largest among the 336 streams and rivers that feed the lake.This version takes into account other components: the length of the Angara River in 1779 km, and the distance between the mouth of the Selenga and Angara River on the territory of Lake Baikal.As a result, adding the specified length to the distance from the mouth of the Yenisei River to the confluence of the Angara River, get the length of the watercourse 5075 m. But the question arises as to whether then Yenisei main river, or it will be a tributary of the Angara, moreover, in the place of their merger Angarsk track2-3 times wider than the Yenisei.The second question is whether the status of Lake Baikal, or is it - part of the Yenisei (Angara)?

on the length of the watercourse is in direct proportion to the catchment area of ​​the basin, which covers the Yenisei River.The source and the mouth set in each of these versions, significantly increase other hydrological parameters (catchment surface flow of the river and the annual flow).

official benchmark

So the place to consider for the source of the river Yenisei?Most likely, it is necessary to adhere to data from the State Registry of water.In it the confluence of two mountain streams (Big and Small Yenisei) is located 3487 km from the confluence of the rivers in the Kara Sea, and stated that from here begins the Yenisei River."Wikipedia" the same source indicates item.His designated coordinates: 51 degrees north latitude.43 min.47 sec., 94 degrees east longitude.27 min.18 sec.The height of the source of the river Yenisei determined to be 619.5 m above sea level.

and Fall slope of the river

Altai-Sayan highlands, intermountain basins, Minusinsk Basin - these large forms of relief crossed by the river Yenisei.The source and the mouth are hypsometric depths of the earth's surface, from 619.5 m to 0 m (sea level).Total drop - 619.5 m and averaged slope - 0.18 m / km.That is, for every km of channel flow is reducing its lower reaches 18 cm, compared to the upper reaches.

So slope of the river would be at a uniform slope of the earth's surface from south to north.But the nature of the planet has not provided the perfect geometry.Therefore, the Yenisei river (the source and the mouth of the here and hereafter made according to official data), depending on the topography and slope of the terrain is divided arbitrarily into 3 sections - the upper, middle and lower.

Upper Yenisei

This section begins where the source of the river Yenisei.The share of the Upper Yenisei (local name of the river - the Ulug-Khem) account for 600 km.It ends at the confluence of the river Abakan marked the height of 243.6 m. The height of the source of the river Yenisei - 619.5 m. In the area 188 km long channel width from 100 to 650 m depth at the stretches at least 4 and up to 12 m, up to1 m in the shallows.The flow rate in the rapids Metakhim reaches 8 m / s, the average speed in the summer - 2-2.5 m / s.Then begins a reservoir 290 km long formed by a septum mainstream dam of Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station in height 236 m. After a few kilometers away - small reservoir Mainskaya HPP, the length of 21.5 km.

Fall Upper Yenisei - 375.9 m. Averaged slope - 0.63 m per kilometer channel.The values ​​of such deviations are typical for mountain rivers of the type that corresponds to the conditions and terrain (Sayan Canyon, the northern edge of the Tuva basin, rapids channel, high flow rate).

Middle Yenisei

beginning of the middle part of the Yenisei River confluence believe.Abakan - to 2887 km from the mouth with a mark of 243.6 m in. The river is gradually losing signs of mountain nature.The valley becomes wide (5 km), the flow velocity is reduced to 1-2 m / s in line with a width of 500 m.

Middle Yenisey Krasnoyarsk reservoir begins, the length is 388 km with an average width of 15 km.The lower limit of the artificial reservoir above the city of Krasnoyarsk.

Ends Middle Yenisei at the confluence of the Angara River in the 2137 km from the mouth marked the height of 79 meters. Between Krasnoyarsk and arrow (town near the mouth of the Angara), the width of the Yenisei River up to 1300 m, for slowing down to 0.8 m / s.

over the average of the Yenisei - 750 km.Sloping land with a total fall of 164.9 m of 0.22 m - with every kilometer moves north to the Kara Sea track "falls" of 22 cm.

Lower Yenisei

This is the longest section of the length of 2137 km - from the confluence of the Angarato the mouth of the Yenisei River in the alignment Sopochnaya Hag.After the confluence of the Lower Tunguska channel becomes wider, reaching 5 km.The flow slows down to 0.2 m / s.The wellhead alignment of the river is divided into 4 main duct, each of which bears the name of the Yenisei, but is supplemented by the definition: Okhotsk, Stone, Big and Small.The total width of the beds - 50 km.Between channels Brekhovskie vast island, skirting which they are joined again in one direction, forming the Yenisei Bay at the edge of the Kara Sea.The river is flat features: slope less than 0.04 (up to 4 cm per kilometer), the rate of flow almost imperceptibly, often seen surges - the flow of water from the sea in the Gulf.

river hydrology

Power Yenisei mixed, consisting half of snow.The share of rain - 35% groundwater in the upper to provide their proportion of 15%, the lower reaches of their involvement in the diet reduced the river.

Freeze, harbingers of which are Frazil ice break-up and fall, begins with the lower reaches of the beginning of October, in the middle reaches this The middle of November in the upper - end of November - December.Winter runoff is sharply reduced.

spring flood stretched, beginning at the middle Yenisey from the end of April.In the upper reaches, it begins a little later.In the lower reaches - from the middle of May until the first decade of June.When icing formed congestion.Elevated levels of up to 7 meters in extensions and up to 16 m in the narrowing of the channel.In the lower level of a higher - up to 28 m (Kureyka) wellhead but the alignment is reduced to 12 m.

What famous father-Yenisei

greatness affluent: the river has been ranked in the top 5 largest rivers in Russia.

It flows through the center of Asia - the capital of Tuva Kyzyl.

Separates his bed of Western Siberia to the east and about half divides the expanses of Russia.

"Where is the source of the river Yenisei?"- This question is still the largest number of disagreements among geographers.

can get from Mongolia in the Kara Sea, rafting on the Selenga, Lake Baikal, the Angara and Yenisei.