In 1931, decided to establish a reserve Kivach.It was founded in order to provide protection for the eponymous plain waterfall crashes down ledges.Lovers of ecotourism are often interested in "Reserve Kivach where?".
Location
conservation area covered taiga picturesque plains, dotted with rocky mountain ranges, lakes but swamps, rugged ribbon Suna River.Ten thousand-odd hectares designated for conservation area, the vast stretch of Kondopoga region, in the Republic of Karelia.
the northwest, eighteen kilometers from the natural park, bordering the village Sopoha, it is the town of Kondopoga.The reserve stretches on the Central and Spasogubskomu forestry.The village Kivach - the main manor national park.
Description reserve
Stretches reserve on the edge of an ancient glacial basin - synclinal fold of Lake Onega - in a place where hard work on relief Quaternary glaciation.The terrain on which prostrated Kivach Reserve, presented typical taiga forests, marshes, large and small lakes.
to leave an indelible mark on a gigantic lake, glacier melt water has absorbed.It is nearly four thousand years of labor over the destruction of moraines and eskers, ridges.Its waves tirelessly triturated stones and sand, turning them into microscopic slurry.Lake retreat has left a rich legacy in the form of moraine ridges, are not amenable blur, uneven clay bottom.It is as if scattered into many subsidiaries Ozerets, occupied the basin - basin.
protected zone basement rock, whose age is approaching two billion years.Above the western glacial valleys surge flattened mountain ranges.Rock-Selga dome-shaped smooth ledges formed there.Vypahannoe glaciers bed with crystalline undulating ground covered moraines, formed from the debris.
the east and in the center of a nature reserve Kivach is a plain, which stretches for two chains of sandy ridges, eskers.Sandy Ridge, ranked disappearing glacier crevice, formed sediments carried by the powerful streams of strong taiga rivers.
Marshes Kivach
landscape nature park includes a bog.These repositories were numerous basins.Lowland marshy areas covered with cereals, grasses and wetland vegetation to feed on ground water and surface runoff are replenished.
Rich Kivach Reserve and bogs, which feed only precipitation.They are completely tightened the dome formed sphagnum mosses, interspersed with Cassandra and wild rosemary.Marshes are so different that the chance of finding two identical, like twins, a reservoir, no.Life forms and diversity of each unique swampy area.
Forests
glacier disappeared, leaving land devoid of soil.Over the gloomy sand and clay ground, striated valleculae with streams, proudly towering mighty cliffs.It is this severity will shape the newly emerging ecosystem is rapidly working out with free pieces of space.
climatic conditions and soil, virtually devoid of humus, limited domination of the plant in the middle taiga.Kivach Reserve has become the kingdom of conifers.At elevations dominated by pine, spruce mastered the slopes, hollows disappeared lakes and marshy lowlands.The tops of the rocks, pine forests veiled belomoshnikami, soil cover which is formed by lichens, mosses, heather and evergreen red bilberry.Wetland areas are tightened stunted pines.
In the middle of the row formed blueberry-green moss biocenoses.Spruce forests spread to the clay areas.They "ran up" on a hill, forming a pine-fir stands.Spruce dominates the center of the reserve, according to his depressions and ravines, getting on with frail alder, meadowsweet and mosses, Russell over bumps.Mostly conifers dilutes the tree stand of birch and aspen.In mixed forests grow rare for South-Karelian land trees - linden and elm.
Flora Reserve
Kivach vegetation is quite rich.On its open spaces found shelter around 600 species of plants.It settled representatives Arctalpine relics that appeared in the early post-glacial.He sheltered groves immoral "aliens."
On it crumbled many typical taiga men and meadow plants.The protected area was chosen by rare species, hit the pages of the Red Book.Part Sopohskogo boron formed relic trees, lived for three and a half centuries.
Fauna Kivach
Protected land - an ideal arena for the life of a variety of animals.In Kivatch inhabit a countless army of invertebrates.They process alive and dead plants, sending soil components necessary for the existence of grass and trees.Representatives of this horde of countless "vegetarians" and then a bite carnivorous invertebrates - spiders, beetles and Hymenoptera.
Terrestrial vertebrates are represented in this conservation area amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.They flocked to the region from all over the continent.Kivach - Zoo animals who have created an incredible biocenoses - unique.Here, side by side with representatives of boreal birds from northern and southern latitudes.
periodically lemming forest area is expanding so much that he did not notice the livelihoods taiga rodent becomes difficult.They live here are typical Siberian taiga men - three species of shrews and voles red.One wandered here and settled down on the northern border mammals steppe zone and southern forest.They are represented by birch mouse and mice, little ones.
general background fauna formed common types: gray frogs, woodpeckers, rabbits, bears, moose, lynx, wolves and other animals.Beside them get along "northerners" - wolverines, cuckoos and shrews, "southerners" - deer, wild boars, and the Orioles.
In the reserve there are also acclimatized individuals.Muskrats and beavers have taken root on Canadian waters.There were nooks for raccoon dogs and American mink.Find a place for their nests peregrine falcons.
Kivatch settled in 216 species of birds.His visitors began corncrake and turtledoves.They nest in the boreal forest stands nightingales and orioles.Hoopoes nightjars and settled in nooks.Sometimes nesting yellow-billed loon, geese piskulki.Occasionally slips on the water surface of lakes white swan.Sometimes I hear the hooting of an owl.There are as old golden eagle and white-tailed eagles.
Waterfall Kivach
Ledges penalty picturesque waterfall Kivach formed in the Suna River.In the name of the waterfall Finnish origin.The Finns called him only as "Kivach", that is, rapid or powerful.The first mention of the water body is dated 1566 year.Description found it in the pages of the book scribe.
Near the Falls organized parking, a souvenir shop and cafe, where guests are pampered Finnish-Karelian pastries and dishes cooked on the coals.Nearby is a museum with interesting exhibits and Arboretum - home of exotic plants and birchwood.
unique reserve Kivach, a map which indicates the exact routes, offers a variety of excursions.Ecological trails cover all the tourist sites of natural park.Paid excursions are introduced to the waterfall, dendrokollektsiey, nature museum and other attractions.
