World Trade Organization - an international association that deals with foreign trade regulations of commerce for the participating countries.Founded at the beginning of 1995. In the functions of the WTO is to monitor the implementation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).The number of members has more than 150 countries.The headquarters of the World Trade Organization located in Geneva (Switzerland).
apply for membership of the WTO can countries legally regulate the international economic activities according to the terms of the Uruguay Round Agreements.The process of introduction of the World Trade Organization is very delicate and long, it takes about 5 years.First, carefully studied the state's economy and trade policy, followed by negotiations on cooperation benefits of joining the market of the country to the WTO, concluded an agreement is reached and executed documents.Membership is paid according to the tariffs of the General Council.
Exit the terms of the agreement will not be difficult any country: directly to the Director General to submit a written notice of desire to leave the WTO.After six months from the date of notification expires effect of membership in the organization.However, the incidence of the desire to terminate the agreement of cooperation in the history of the association has not yet happened.
main functions of the WTO:
- monitoring the commercial policy of the States Parties;
- monitoring compliance with the Uruguay Round Agreements and other agreements between the member countries of the WTO;
- organization and support of associations of commercial negotiations;
- provision of an information tool in the framework of the WTO;
- cooperation with international organizations in order to strengthen trade policy;
- assistance in resolving any disputes.
task and functions of the WTO - the expansion of freedom of the world economy through the debugging process by reducing tariff duties on imports, the removal of restrictions and barriers.The observers' activity: the UN, IMF, OECD, UNCTAD, WIPO and others.
controlled by WTO Conference of representatives of all the participating countries at the ministerial level.Meetings are held at intervals of once every two years.They discussed issues regarding the accumulated functions of the WTO and are considered candidates for accession to the agreement.At the conference, all decisions are reached by consensus.In the absence of a unanimous decision of the vote is allowed when a representative of each member state has the right to one vote.Documents solutions, contracts and agreements in the organization are recorded in three languages: English, Spanish, French.
for accession to the WTO requires the consent of the international standards of trade rules established by the participants.It is necessary to create the conditions for trade between the countries, regulating market relations in the negotiation process.Common issues are discussed directly within the organization, in cooperation with all concerned.
creation of a large economic market Russia-WTO lasted for about 17 years.In 1993 application was made to connect to the GATT, and in 1995 the Russian Federation has revealed a desire to join the World Trade Organization.A commission was established to study the trade industry in Russia, which was engaged in the search for mutually beneficial terms of cooperation.
There were also some difficulties according to the standards of laws regulating trade organization.It was necessary to open the market for other states, correct customs duty, to determine subsidies on the export of commodities and raw materials, to provide state support for the agricultural sector.Make up the course of economic transformation, conducted lengthy negotiations with the countries concerned.Joining the ranks of the Russian Federation in the WTO has happened in the summer of 2012.However, to date, the Russian analysts do not consider such a union as a comprehensive win for the country and predict the occurrence of certain problems in the Russian economy.
