concept of monopoly has been known to people since ancient times.Today, in an era in which the rules of market relations, it is helpful to know what a monopoly.It is understood as the market situation when the one and only company producing a particular product or provides a service that has no analogues in the industry and the emergence of competitors is not possible.
At the same time buyers no choice, they are forced to buy products from a company-monopolist.Typically, absolute monopoly - an abstract concept, because the complete absence of competition, their presence is not excluded in other countries.
understand that such a monopoly, a look at the variety of its forms:
- closed, protected from competition by legal restrictions;
- a natural monopoly is a large company that produces products with lower costs than several small companies;
- open monopoly deprived of protection from competition, the company in this case is a temporary unique supplier of any produktsii.Eta classification is rather conditional, sincesome companies may refer simultaneously to different types of monopolies.Examples of this are the gas company or telephone company.
Let us now consider what a monopoly, given the time horizon.Planning a monopoly may be short-term, medium-term and long-term.For example, with the help of the patent certificate, the firm receives a closed monopoly for a short time period.This is not only due to the limited period of validity of the patent, but also because of the potential competitors of the new products of the invention.
There is also a bilateral monopoly in the labor market.This is a situation in which the supply side there is only one seller, and on the demand side - the only buyer.In such circumstances, the volume of goods and the price determined by the parties during the negotiations.An example of such a monopoly may serve as a bakery, the only one in the city, which produces flour for only flour mill.
monopoly on the labor market can be represented by such a situation, in which the employee is talented and has unique abilities.In this case, the monopoly is a manifestation of market power on the part of the labor supply.For example, a musician or a writer, having copyright advocates a temporary monopoly.The longer of the copyright, the more significant revenue from the product of his mental effort.
What is a monopoly in Russia and what are its characteristics?The first monopoly in our country emerged at the end of the XIX century, among them the Union rail manufacturers who osuschestvlyavlyal construction of railways.After the October Revolution of 1917, the monopoly was abolished.Russia now stands a new form of this phenomenon - the formal Corporate.It is characterized by a large number of shareholders, and a pivotal role in the fate of the company, as a rule, managers play.
