Migration as a socio-economic phenomenon and an economic category known since ancient times.Therefore, a lot of researchers have tried to give a precise answer to the question of what a migration.It is believed that the stimulus to the mass movement of the population were mainly the great geographical discoveries, and later - the development of capitalism and the movement of capital.This period took place in the 18-19th centuries, and researchers often refer to it as the time of "old migration."What is the migration in this period?This is nothing like the large-scale relocation of people from Europe to America.But a new phase began immediately after the Second World War as a result of the democratization of society.
It is important to understand that such a migration, highlighting its main causes and characteristics.To begin with let us turn to the modern definition of the term.Migration - a movement of the population, especially the working.Most often, entire families are moving.
What is migration as an economic phenomenon?What is the effect it has on the economy of each country, positive or negative?In order to answer the question of what a migration in general, we turn first to its classification.
geographically isolated integration, internal and external migration.Internal migration - is moving the economically active population and their families from one city to another within the same country.In Soviet times, it was controlled by the voluntary resettlement programs.For internal form is commuting, which involves the relocation of people from place of residence to the place of work or study.Outside is a process of organized or spontaneous migration of the economically active population, which is caused by reasons of socio-economic nature.To her subspecies include permanent, temporary and seasonal migration.
For characterization of the legal status, there are legal and illegal migration.The first is usually documented (in accordance with the International Labour Organization).Illegal relocation, on the other hand, is a phenomenon that is unpredictable.These migrants cross in search of a better life the state border illegally.
Direction of motion are three main types of migration:
- emigration - leaving the country for permanent or temporary residence;
- re-emigration - who left before the return process for certain reasons the working population;
- immigration - from entering the country on the invitation.
The shape isolated labor, family, tourist and recreational migration.Among the main causes of migration as an economic phenomenon are the following:
1) dissatisfaction with living conditions;
2) higher salaries abroad;
3) the best technical level working abroad;
4) lack of social conditions for full implementation of the natural abilities of the home;
5) political, religious, national and cultural reasons.
