North Caucasus is the most multicultural area of the Russian state.This factor causes the danger of territorial integrity in the event of inter-ethnic, religious and ethnic conflicts.This could not be reflected when formed internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus in the 90 years of the 21st century.
National composition of the North Caucasus
North Caucasus is one of the leaders in the number of resident population in its territory.Analyzing the demographic statistics, we can conclude that the number of inhabitants of the Caucasus is increasing exponentially.For example, in 2002 there lived about 6 million people.Held in 2010, the census has witnessed a huge jump increase this figure to 14.8 million.
National composition of the North Caucasus is diverse.This is due to the fact that its members included 7 major regions: Ingushetia, Chechnya, North Ossetia, Dagestan, Chechnya, Kabardino-Balkaria, Stavropol, Karachayevo-Cherkessia.At the same time the population of Dagestan is about 3 000000 people of Chechnya - more than 1 000000 residents.
In such a compact area with concentration of more than 150 nations, ethnic groups and indigenous peoples.Very often, among the inhabitants of the region there are major confrontations that escalate into irreconcilable conflicts.In addition, after the collapse of the Soviet Union there was a tendency of confrontation of the Muslim world and the Orthodox, which led to the outflow of Russian citizens from the Caucasus.Thus, the internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus in the 90s had the objective reasons which require lightning permission.
reasons for the rise of confrontation in the North Caucasus
After the collapse of the USSR North Caucasus had a wide range of outstanding issues.In other words, the democratic processes that have affected the entire territory of Russia, met with numerous problems hindering the development of the region.
First, the internal politics of Russia in the North Caucasus in the 90 years has not been fully thought through.Despite the fact that the inhabitants of the region had the same rights as the Russian population, the authorities there unshakable belief that members of these peoples can not be competent to carry out the policy in the entity.In other words, the federal government did not fully trust the local officials residing originally in the North Caucasus.The only way to resolve the situation was found in the form of administration of the Republic officials from Moscow.
In addition, we should not forget that ill-conceived domestic policies in the North Caucasus has become a stumbling block to the economic development of the subject.The development of industry occurred as a residual.In addition, the population has become the owner of a dilapidated ecological system, plundered natural resources.It does not stand out, and the social infrastructure of the region.Most small towns and villages did not have schools and hospitals, which affects the well-being of the population.All this was the consequence of the fact that domestic policies in the North Caucasus has been completely worked out by federal authorities.
Secondly, in the territory of that region there were unresolved issues related to the repressed citizens during WWII.Neither federal nor local authorities, sent from Moscow, did not try to resolve similar incidents that escalate an already confrontational situation.
Third, the economic backwardness of the region significantly affected the welfare of the population.Non-payment of wages, unemployment began determinants of alcoholism, delinquency, drug addiction and other social problems.
Fourth, territorial problems become exacerbated.Numerous nations have begun to apply the neighboring territory to the disputed land.A growing number of claims began to have a divided people, which include Ossetians and Lezgins, Nogai and others.
Fifth, the rise in unemployment, which caused an increase in crime and terrorism.This was a problem at both the local and federal level.The tendency to the appearance of religious and national groups, which were to have a direct impact on the officials, lobbying for their interests.
All these facts required in order to change the internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus.The reasons are not exhaustive enumeration of the list, as tensions increased with each passing year.
black page in the history of Chechnya
internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus is not complete without an analysis of the events that unfolded in the 90 years in Chechnya.The increasing complexity of relations in the region took place during the reign of Dudayev, when a policy of genocide of Russian, Jewish and Armenian population living in the area.Since the infringement of the rights of nations is a direct and flagrant violation of international and Russian law, the policy of oppression does not appear on the official level, but not overwhelming the existing authorities and law enforcement agencies.
Cleaning the Russian-speaking population has been comprehensive in the capital of the region - the city of Grozny.Families subjected to looting, attacks.It becomes commonplace murder.This became the foundation for leak-educated population, which was the backbone for economic, scientific and cultural development of the subject.Thus, during the rule of Dudayev can be regarded as a black page in the history of the North Caucasus.
Revolution in Chechnya, or the first steps towards resolving the conflict in the North Caucasus
Radical Politics Dudayev could not remain without response of the opposition forces, which increase their influence.In the spring of the opposition was ready to hold a referendum on all the vital issues that relate to future life in Chechnya.But Dudayev decided to go to the violent methods of struggle against dissenters, which caused numerous victims among the population.
powerful technique Dudayev was aimed at the police building, which stores records for the future referendum.Tanks destroyed building.Employees of the police have been killed.This became the final point, which confirmed the completion of the peace process in the region.
internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus has moved in a more aggressive direction.The opposition gained the support of the Kremlin.The first unit of Russian military equipment arrived in the region, conceived march on the capital of Chechnya.However, it was a complete failure.Dudayev was ready to repel the military might of the opposition.Opposition forces have suffered enormous technical and human losses.Ghost Army was silenced.
first Chechen war
After the failure of the operation in Chechnya has changed the internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus, the reasons, the participants are constantly changing.A primary role in the new branch of the conflict began to play the Russian troops that were supposed to enter the territory of Grozny as a peacekeeping force.But this did not happen.
generals and officers were pursuing their own interests.The Russian military forces have received both his supporters and hard opponents.Among the army strengthened the slogan "Russian against the Chechens," which was a major error of ordinary soldiers.Over time, the opposition, which is supported by Russia, moved to the side of Dudayev.But, despite this, numerical and military strength of the Russian forces was several times stronger.
Numerous strikes on Grozny, stripping made possible the proclamation of the military administration in the territory of the Chechen Republic, which took over the management.This isolation was disadvantageous to the Kremlin, since there was a risk of increasing the power of the military junta.The internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus in the 90s, in short, turned in another direction.Basayev's forces launched an offensive that led to the loss of Russian troops and, as a consequence, the conclusion of the Khasavyurt agreements.
Results of the first Chechen war
course, the Chechen war has not been in vain.The transformation has been very impressive.Firstly, policy forces rearrangement occurred in the region.The democratic forces have completely lost support in Chechnya.All opposition figures or were killed during the armed conflict, or fled to Moscow.In addition, the fall of the idea of democratic reforms in the conservative country where religious groups refueled.
Secondly, there was no unity among the nationalist and Islamist groups.This is due to the fact that a large-spread radical branch of Islam - Wahhabism.Its representatives in Chechnya proclaimed policy of jihad.The most ardent supporter of Basayev became, which was reached radically-minded youth.
Thus, we can say that the internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus 1990-2011 years has brought significant changes in the life of the region.
On the eve of a new war in Chechnya
By the beginning of XXI century the situation in Chechnya deteriorated.All began to gain more credibility grouping Basayev.Grozny has become a breeding ground for terrorists.The threat has gained comprehensive.Thus, the internal policy of Russia in the North Caucasus, in short, was to meet the new challenges and threats.
last straw, which has played a crucial role, was the invasion of Dagestan.Intensified the conservative forces in the region, which was headed by Kadyrov.They were able to rethink the idea of the nation-state, Chechnya, the imposition of a false ideology of Wahhabism and Jihad policy.
second Chechen war
Conservative forces in Chechnya, despite her own views, were able to rethink the alliance with Russia.A strong army, developed the military tactics have become a great help in the fight against radicals.Supporters Kadyrov meekly gave up their territory of the Russian military, thereby providing comprehensive assistance in armed conflict.Over time, the CRI came under the control of the Russian military.Maskhadov - the leader of the republic - defected to the Wahhabis, having gone underground.In 2005, he was eliminated.
Results Chechen war
As a result of the war in Chechnya came to power, Akhmad Kadyrov.In 2003, the results of democratic elections, the leader was proclaimed president of the Chechen republic.Close cooperation with Russia has given its advantages.The restoration of infrastructure in the region.The civilian population has been able to receive social services in full.In addition, the consolidation of power.Democratic, conservative groups have come to a common denominator, which guaranteed political stability in Chechnya.
negative consequences of the Chechen war
Chechnya marked the beginnings of the formation of an authoritarian state.Personality of the leader of the Republic erected a cult.Do not cut off and gangs.The North Caucasus is still considered a "pot" of terrorism.Disruptive bombings caused numerous victims among civilians.
Thus, we can conclude that the internal policy of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus have been transformed.However, problems exist today.Only full attention to this subject will help stabilize the situation in the multiethnic region of Russia.
