Language - is a multi-level system, which is divided into simple and complex subsystems or levels.Phonetics - the lowest level of language, as it examines its unilateral units - sounds, phonemes, supersegmentnye unit, stress and intonation.Its name comes from the Greek word which means sound, voice, noise, speech.Also phonetics - a branch of linguistics, which studies the level of language and all that refers to him: the sounds of speech, their combination and positional changes, the production sounds the speaker and their perception of the listener, and also features a sound shell language in general, and the sound system and the pronunciationcharacteristics of each language.
Components phonetics:
- General and private.General Phonetics studies the laws of the structure of the sound envelope, in principle, regardless of the particular language.Private Phonetics - Phonetics is the individual languages.
- historical and contemporary.Historical phonology - the study of the phonetic laws which operated in the language at different times, and what their effects are preserved in the language yet.Modern phonetics examines the state of the level of language at the moment.
- Theoretical and experimental.
Phonetics - it's not just the language level and branch of linguistics: the name and the sound shell language.In this sense, it is studied in the following aspects:
1. Acoustic.This view of the sound shell language from the perspective of the listener.In this aspect, we investigate what one hears in the perception of speech information.The acoustic aspect describes the sound quality: it has a certain height, the oscillation frequency, timbre and other physical properties.
2. Articulating.The object of study here - the sound from the speaker's position, that is the work of the organs of speech in the production of each sound.
Phonetics considers sounds in three aspects:
- Physical.This includes physical characteristics of sound.
- Articulating (anatomical and physiological).It includes anatomical and physiological characteristics of speech sounds articulation properties, structural features of the vocal apparatus, classification of vowels and consonants in different languages.
- phonological (social).At this level, there is the connection of sound with the human consciousness.The basic unit of this level - phoneme - a type of sound, which is stored in the mind, and the relationship of the material and the sound of this stereotype.
Despite the fact that the articulation device is arranged in all nations the same, different languages differ greatly from each other already at the phonetic level.For example, the English phonetics, unlike Russian, knows stunning voiced consonants before the deaf, and more: for it is a distinctive feature.Also in the English language, as well as in some other, different long and short vowel sounds in Russian do not carry meaning.A Spanish phonetics as the costs without weakening unstressed vowels and consonants without mitigation before vowels and Definition. However, the sound s in Spanish there.
