In modern language today, comes a lot of borrowing.And that's fine.Dictionary of new words of the Russian language is constantly replenished by foreign expressions varying degrees of processing and development.But it is often forgotten values of older, like has already been given expressions.Now, I'm sure not everyone will be able to really explain the meaning of the word "mauvais ton" or "consecration", and once these words were quite popular.
Way borrowing from Germanism through gallinizmy to anglicisms
It started with Peter.Since the beginning of the XVIII century Russian aristocratic society is keenly interested in European life, culture, fashion.Peter I, St. Petersburg building, opened a window to Europe, greatly promoted the Russian Empire in the path of Europeanization.He has borrowed from the Netherlands and some of Germany, together with technological advances appeared to have foreign names.Since that time, there is quite a lot of Germanism, that is, the words that come out of the Germanic languages, especially in the military and shipbuilding sector.A fascination with other European countries - France, Britain - began later.And borrowing from the languages of those countries, too, have appeared in Russian later.At the beginning of the XVIII century in Russia is not yet known what the word "mauvais ton".
too hot craze France
But after the death of Peter I the interests of the nobility and noblewomen began to spin around a completely different culture.Under scrutiny fashionistas, artists, philanthropists, philosophers and others who care about Russian was France.Meaning of the word "mauvais ton" in those years, I could explain in detail any child.In Fonvizin, the writer of the XVIII century, there is even a comedy "Brigadier" which ridiculed nobleman who exalts everything French and blindly imitate any manifestation of French culture and kulturki.According to the author, the behavior of the characters, "Brigadier" - mauvais ton.Russian nobles spoke and wrote in French, wore dresses of foreign fashion, invited governesses for their children from the country of Voltaire, so they brought them and planted them the perfect Parisian accent.Naturally, began to appear borrowed from the French word.New items particularly fruitful in the field of fashion, decorum and manners, military and domestic field.The word "mauvais ton", for example, stuck at a time.The same applies to all the now familiar words: "Battalion", "comme il faut", "mezzanine", "voyage", "chute", "broth" and others.Those who came from the French word called Gallicisms because administrative ancestors were French it galls.
So what moveton?
meaning of the word "mauvais ton" - a bad, does not meet the decency act, a gesture, a word.In other words, moveton - a bad taste, bad manners.Anton - comme il faut (yes, the very comme il faut, which is described by Leo Tolstoy in his youth).It is not so much the behavior that meets the generally accepted rules of decency, and befitting a man of his own honor deeds.Generally, in the XVIII-XIX centuries the notion of propriety, rules of conduct, etiquette means much more than it is now.Komilfo and moveton were largely defines the concept by which judged the man in society.
new century - new borrowing
But then came the terrible XX century, there was the October Revolution, the Iron Curtain fell.Clearly, some of the craze foreign culture is not out of the question.On the contrary, during the existence of the Soviet Union in other languages were borrowed from Russian.But along with the culture of rock, with "Beatles", "Rolling Stones", together with the jeans and foreign glossy magazines, along with all the forbidden and therefore a hundred times more attractive and memorable in the USSR began to penetrate Americanisms - borrowing from American English.
XXI Century
Today in Russian language comes a lot of words from English, some new expression of the Japanese (in the technical field and anime) and the languages of the Caucasus.And to know the meaning of the word "mauvais ton" and use it, and the like remain the privilege of educated intelligent people.
