archaisms - is not just obsolete words, and those who have moved into this category as a result of new words.For example, today, no one calls the poem verse, the word can be found only in literature, theater, or in everyday speech to give, or the ironic tone of the sublime.Sometimes synonymous is replaced by the word not as a whole, but only its lexical meaning.For example, the word "rebel".It is used today to mean "to raise a rebellion, to oppose something, reborn, resurrected" and has a high stylistic coloring.But once in Russia, it was the ordinary household, which has been used to mean "get up, get on its feet."Or another example: "Do not feel sorry for her belly!", Which means "Do not spare my life!"As you can see, the word of the stomach in the Russian language preserved, but its value has changed.And the meaning of "life" of the word "belly" - is an archaism.Examples of other changes: cravat (lexical and phonetic archaic, modern synonym - "tie");Father!(grammatical archaism, the word "father" is in the vocative case, which in the modern Russian language is not used);happiness (archaic word-formation, today the word "happy" with the suffix is not used).
deserves special attention semantic archaism.Examples of such archaisms were given above ("belly" meaning "life").They are familiar to readers of form, but a different meaning, so that there are difficulties in understanding the text.Very often semantic archaisms found in religious literature.For example, the "enemy" - a demon, "charm" - this is not something beautiful and pleasant, and the temptation that leads into sin, "the word" ("In the beginning was the Word") - this is not a unit of speech, andmind.Between archaic and modern synonym can be quite subtle semantic connection."The beauty" can actually be a temptation, but in the modern sense of the word "charm" has a positive color - not necessarily every adorable thing is sinful.Such nuances are very important for a proper understanding of the meaning of work.Even in relatively modern authors such as Anna Akhmatova, you can find words, archaisms.Examples from the literature are numerous: archaic words can be found both in prose and in poetry.In the latter they play a special role, give Upland support melodiousness and thus look natural.
archaisms in English: examples
"Old words", or "archaic words" (t. E. Archaisms), in English, can be classified almost as much as the Russian.Although, of course, it has its own characteristics associated with the grammatical structure of language, but you can find almost any type of archaisms of the above.
example, thou - you (instead of you) - the most vivid and interesting anachronism.Examples of forms of the word: thee - you (instead of modern you), and thy - thy (modern word - your).Yes, once in English, it was an appeal to "you", but today, to whom we would not have been accessed, we say "you" that is You."You" in English yazye out of use gradually.Very rarely, but this word can be found today.For example, in the famous song of Metallica, entitled The Unfirgiven there is a line: "So I dub thee unforgiven" - "So I name thee unforgiven."Of course, this is a unique archaic.Examples of other obsolete words are not so vividly reflect the social and psychological changes in the life of English-speaking people:
1. Hither - "here" (modern. - Here).The shape hither, although it is obsolete today, dates from the early modern English.A more ancient form - hider, came from protogermanskogo language.However, despite the similarity hither and here identity between them."Here" is derived from a completely different word meaning "to be in this place", hither is a slightly different shade of meaning - "move here", no wonder there is an idiomatic expression meaning "here and there" - hither and thither.
2. Betwixt - "between."As used today synonymous - between.As it is easy to see the word ustrevshee participated in the derivation of modern lexical unit.
3. Hearken or harken - "to listen."Some sources claim that it is historicism, that is obsolete word, which has no analogues in the modern language, but foreign dictionaries can be seen marked archaic.Again, communication hearken and hear (present-day. "Listening") in accordance with etimpologicheskim dictionaries exist, therefore argue that the word means a phenomenon that has disappeared or fallen into disuse, it is impossible.
But the word is not an archaism phaeton.For carriages, open four-wheeled strollers, are no longer used and will always remain a subject of the past.
Thus, historicism - that's what characterizes the era.These words have become outdated with the phenomena or objects that they describe.Archaisms - is obsolete units of speech.They have been successfully used today, if they had not pushed the new forms.
